Abe no Hirafu

Japanese: 阿倍比羅夫 - あべのひらふ

An ancient naval commander. Also written as Abe no Hikita no Omi or Abe no Hirabuki. He played a major role in the Imperial Court's northern advance and the subjugation of the Emishi after the Taika Reforms. In the second year of the reign of Emperor Sushun (589), he was dispatched to the Hokuriku region to inspect various provinces, including Echigo. In the fourth year of the reign of Saimei (658), he led a naval force of 180 ships and defeated the Emishi, taking control of the two counties of Agita and Nushiro. He bestowed the rank of Koto no Ue on Agita Emishi Onka, who had pledged his allegiance, and established the governorships of the two counties of Nushiro and Tsugaru. He also gathered the Emishi of Oshima for a large feast and appeased them. He also defeated Mishihase, and presented them with two live bears and 70 brown bear skins. At that time, Hirafu was the "Kokuno Kuni no Kami (Governor of Echigo Province)." He is thought to have been a local powerful man. In the following year, he again led a naval force of 180 ships to attack the Emishi. He gathered over 400 Emishi from the three counties of Agita, Nudai, and Tsugaru, as well as Iburi, and gave them a large feast and stipends. He established his administrative office in Shiribeshi, established his county office, and returned. For this achievement, he was promoted to the second rank. In the same year, he led a naval force of 200 ships to attack Sushen for the third time. He used the Emishi from Mutsu and Oshima in battle, and presented over 50 Ebisu (sacred vessels). In the year before Emperor Tenchi ascended to the throne (661), he became the lower rank of Taika and the second Shogun, and rescued Baekje together with the former Shogun Azumi Hirafu and others. In 663, together with the former Shogun Kamitsukenokimi Wakako and others, he led 27,000 soldiers as the latter Shogun and attacked Silla, but was defeated at Hakusukinoe. During the reign of Empress Saimei, he held the positions of Dainishiki no jo and Tsukushi Dazai no sochi. His son was Dainagon Sukunamaro.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

古代水軍の将。阿倍引田臣，阿倍枚吹とも書く。大化改新後の朝廷の北方進出，蝦夷平定に大きな役割を果した。崇峻2 (589) 年，北陸道に派遣され越などの諸国を巡察。斉明4 (658) 年水軍 180隻を率いて蝦夷を討ち，飽田 (あぎた) ，渟代 (ぬしろ) 2郡を下す。帰順の誓約をした飽田蝦夷恩荷 (おが) に小乙上を授け，渟代，津軽2郡の郡領を設置し，渡嶋 (おしま) の蝦夷を集めて大饗し撫柔。さらに粛慎 (みしはせ) を討ち，生きたクマ2頭，ヒグマの皮 70枚を献じた。このとき比羅夫は「越国守」であった。この地方の豪族であったかと推測される。翌5年再び水軍 180隻を率いて蝦夷を討つ。飽田 (あぎた) ，渟代，津軽3郡ならびに胆振さえ (いぶりさえ) などの蝦夷 400人あまりを集め，大饗して禄を与えた。後方羊蹄 (しりべし) を政所として，郡領をおき帰還。この功により位2階昇進する。同6年3度水軍 200隻を率いて粛慎を討つ。陸奥，渡嶋の蝦夷を使い，妙策を用いて戦い，えびす五十余人を献じた。天智天皇即位の前年 (661) 大華下位，後将軍となり，前将軍阿曇比邏夫 (あずみのひらふ) らとともに百済を救援。天智2 (663) 年前将軍上毛野君稚子 (かみつけのきみわかこ) らとともに，後将軍として兵2万 7000を率いて新羅を討ち，白村江 (はくすきのえ) において敗戦。斉明天皇の時代に大錦上，筑紫大宰帥の地位にあった。子に大納言宿奈麻呂がある。

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