Abe no Nakamaro

Japanese: 阿倍仲麻呂 - あべのなかまろ

[Raw] Taiho 1 (701)
[Died] 1. A student sent to China during the Chang'an and Nara periods in the Tang Dynasty; a Tang official. His father was Nakatsukasa Daifu Funamori. In 717, he accompanied the envoys Tajihi no Atamori and Ambassador Otomo no Yamamori to China as a student sent to China along with Kibi no Makibi and others. He changed his name to Nakatsukasa and served Emperor Xuanzong. He served as the Chief Editor of the Classics, Left Editor, Left Advisor, Giouyou, Junior Weiwei Junior Minister, and Secretary Superintendent and Weiwei Junior Minister (Junior Third Rank). In 753, he met Ganjin along with the envoy Fujiwara no Kiyokawa and others who had been sent to China at the time, and encouraged Ganjin to travel to Japan. He accompanied the envoy on its return from Mingzhou on November 15 of the same year. It was a full moon that day, so he composed the famous poem, "Looking back at the heavens, I wonder if the moon has risen over Mikasa mountain in spring," which amazed the Tang people. However, he was caught in a storm at sea and washed ashore in Annam. He was forced to return to Tang with Qinghe, and changed his name to Chao Heng (Chaoqing), and served Emperor Suzong and Emperor Daizong, and was appointed as Zuo Sanqi Changshi (Junior Third Rank) and Governor of the Southern Region. During this time, in October of the 6th year of Tenpyo (734), the judge Heguri Hironari and others who had been sent to Tang China were caught in a storm on their way back from Tang China and washed ashore in Kunlun, barely managing to return to Tang China. During his 54 years in Tang China, Nakamaro interacted with such writers as Li Bai, Wang Wei, Chu Guangxi, and Zhao Ye, and excelled in poetry, becoming famous as a writer and leaving his name in the Tang dynasty. When he died in Chang'an, Emperor Daizong bestowed upon him the title of Grand Commander of Luzhou. In Japan, in May 779, when Nakamaro died in Tang China, he was given 100 pieces of eastern ashiginu silk and 300 tons of white cotton by imperial decree, for the reason that "his family name was poor and he had not received a funeral ceremony." In 836, when eight people who had entered Tang China and died there were given certificates of their ranks to console their souls, Nakamaro was also awarded the rank of Shonii. According to the imperial decree, he had already been posthumously awarded the rank of Junior Second Rank, and it is believed that he was promoted to the rank of Shonii at this time. The New Book of Tang, Eastern Barbarians' Biography, and the Book of Tang, Eastern Barbarians' Biography, provide an outline of his life story after entering Tang China, from which we can learn about some of his achievements in the Tang Dynasty.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]大宝1(701)
[没]大暦5(770).1. 唐，長安
奈良時代の遣唐留学生，唐の官吏。父は中務大輔船守。養老1 (717) 年，押使多治比県守，大使大伴山守らの遣唐使に従って，吉備真備らとともに，遣唐留学生として入唐。仲満と名を改め，玄宗に仕えた。司経校書，左拾遺，左補闕，儀王友，衛尉少卿，秘書監兼衛尉卿 (従三品) を歴任した。天平勝宝5 (753) 年，おりから入唐した遣唐大使藤原清河らとともに，鑑真に会い，彼に日本への渡航をすすめ，みずからも清河らとともに同年 11月 15日明州から遣唐船の帰国に同行した。この日はちょうど満月にあたっていたので，有名な「天の原ふりさけ見れば春日なる三笠の山に出でし月かも」の歌を詠み，唐人を感嘆させたという。しかし，海上で暴風にあい安南に漂着した。やむなく，清河とともに唐に帰り，名も朝衡 (晁卿) と改めて，粛宗，代宗に仕え，左散騎常侍 (従三品) ，鎮南都護に任じた。この間，天平6 (734) 年 10月にも，入唐判官平群広成らが，唐から帰国の途中嵐にあい崑崙に漂着し，かろうじて唐に帰った。仲麻呂在唐 54年のうち，李白，王維，儲光羲，趙曄らの文人と交わり，詩歌にすぐれ，文名をあげ唐代に名を残した。長安で彼が没すると，代宗は彼に潞州大都督の称号を贈った。日本でも宝亀 10 (779) 年5月，唐で死没した仲麻呂に対し，「家口偏に乏しく，葬礼を闕く」との理由から，勅によって東あしぎぬ 100疋，白綿 300屯を賜わった。また承和3 (836) 年，入唐して，そのまま死没した者8人に対し，位記を贈ってその霊を慰めたとき，仲麻呂にも正二位が贈られた。詔によれば，これ以前に，すでに従二位が追贈されており，このとき，さらに1階をすすめられたものと思われる。『新唐書』東夷列伝，『唐書』東夷伝には入唐後の彼の伝記の概略がみえ，彼の唐朝に残した事績の一端を知ることができる。

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