American physicist and molecular biologist. Born in Cleveland, Ohio. Graduated from Case Institute of Technology (now Case Western Reserve University) in 1946 with a degree in physics and mathematics, and went on to graduate school at California Institute of Technology. There, he studied cosmic rays under the supervision of C. D. Anderson, and obtained his doctorate in 1950. In September 1949, he began working at the University of Michigan, where he researched particle detection devices to replace cloud chambers. This began when new particles were discovered in cosmic rays in 1947, and he wanted to develop a device to observe them. He first used diethyl ether to elucidate the principle of bubble generation, and in the early 1950s, he used a bubble chamber using propane for high-energy physics experiments using the proton synchrotron (cosmotron). In 1957, he became a professor at the University of Michigan. In 1959, he became a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, where he built a giant hydrogen bubble chamber. In 1960, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber. He then moved on to biophysics, and in 1964 he became professor of physics and molecular biology at the same university, and in 1989 he also became professor of molecular and cell biology. [Shizue Hinokawa] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの物理学・分子生物学者。オハイオ州クリーブランド生まれ。1946年、物理学と数学を学んでケース工科大学(現、ケースウェスタンリザーブ大学)を卒業し、カリフォルニア工科大学大学院に進んだ。ここでC・D・アンダーソンの指導のもとに宇宙線の研究を行い、1950年に博士号を取得。1949年9月からミシガン大学に職を得て、そこで霧箱(きりばこ)にかわる粒子検出装置を研究した。そのきっかけは、1947年に宇宙線中に新粒子が発見され、それの観察用装置を開発することにあった。最初、ジエチルエーテルを用いて泡生成の原理を解明し、1950年代初めの陽子シンクロトロン(コスモトロン)を使う高エネルギー物理学実験にはプロパンを用いる泡箱を使った。1957年ミシガン大学教授。1959年バークリーのカリフォルニア大学物理学教授となり、巨大な水素泡箱を製作した。1960年には、泡箱発明の業績によりノーベル物理学賞を受賞。その後生物物理学に進み、1964年からは同大学で物理学教授のほかに分子生物学の教授となり、1989年からは分子・細胞生物学教授にもなった。 [日野川静枝] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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