Grundherrschaft (English spelling)

Japanese: グルントヘルシャフト(英語表記)Grundherrschaft
Grundherrschaft (English spelling)
(1) In the broad sense, it refers to a manor, i.e., a form of feudal land ownership, and is roughly equivalent to the English manor. However, while a manor means a unit of a feudal lord's estate, Grundherrschaft is an academic term created later and refers to a social system based on medieval feudal land ownership and feudal relations of dominance. (2) In the narrow sense, it refers to the relationship between lords and peasants based on land control in Germany in the 12th to 14th centuries, in contrast to Gutsherrschaft. Originally, Grundherrschaft included administrative and judicial powers over land-holding peasants based on the lord's superior ownership, but from the late Middle Ages onwards, as peasant management became more independent, personal control over peasants gradually weakened and it changed into a simple mechanism for collecting tribute.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
(1) 広義には荘園,すなわち封建的土地所有形態のことで,イギリスのマナーとほぼ同義である。しかし,マナーが封建領主の所領の一単位を意味するのに対して,グルントヘルシャフトは後年になってつくられた学術用語で,中世の封建的土地所有および領主的支配関係を基礎とした一つの社会制度の意味をもつ。 (2) 狭義に解する場合はグーツヘルシャフトに対比して,12~14世紀のドイツにおける土地支配を基盤とした領主対農民の関係をさす。グルントヘルシャフトは本来,領主による上級所有権に基づいて土地保有農民に対する行政・裁判権を含んでいたが,中世後期以降,農民経営の自立化に伴い,次第に農民への人身支配は弱まり,単なる貢租徴収機構へと変質していった。

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