Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya (English spelling)

Japanese: クループスカヤ - くるーぷすかや(英語表記)Надежда Константиновна Крупская/Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya
Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya (English spelling)

Russian revolutionary and pedagogue. Wife of Lenin. Born in St. Petersburg to a military family. Joined a Marxist student circle in 1890, taught at a workers' night and Sunday school from 1891, and was eventually active as one of the organizers of the Working Class Liberation Struggle League, during which she met Lenin. In 1898, she went to the village of Shushenskoye in Siberia, where Lenin was exiled, and married him. In 1901, after Lenin's sentence was completed, she fled to Europe with him, and except for his activities in Russia during the First Russian Revolution from 1905 to 1907, she was a good collaborator of Lenin and supported his activities in exile until 1917. She was also active as a Marxist educational theorist, completing "National Education and Democracy" in 1915 (published in 1917). She returned to revolutionary Russia with Lenin in April 1917, and after the October Revolution, as a key member of the People's Commissariat of Education, she built the foundations of Soviet education policy together with Lunacharsky and Pokrovsky. In particular, she left a significant mark on the theorization and practice of education linked to the construction of socialism, positioning comprehensive technical education, which aimed for the all-round development of human beings through a combination with productive labor, as a new form of school education, and leading the pioneer organization movement, which aimed for the collectivist upbringing of children. After Lenin suffered a stroke, she supported her husband as his nurse and his best sympathizer. In his later years and after his death, she also came into conflict with Stalin, who was beginning to gain power. Her works include "Essays on Education," 10 volumes in total, and "Memories of Lenin."

[Hara Teruyuki]

"Krupskaya Selections, translated by Tokumitsu Yakawa et al., 11 volumes (1976-1978, Meiji Tosho Publishing)"

[References] | Pioneer | Pokrovsky | Lunacharsky | Lenin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシアの革命家、教育学者。レーニン夫人。ペテルブルグで軍人の家庭に生まれる。1890年からマルクス主義学生サークルに参加、翌1891年から労働者夜間日曜学校で教え、やがて労働者階級解放闘争同盟の組織者の一人として活動し、その間にレーニンと知り合う。1898年にレーニンの流刑地、シベリアのシュシェンスコエ村に行き、結婚。1901年、レーニンの刑期終了後に彼とともにヨーロッパに亡命、1905年から1907年にかけての第一次ロシア革命期に国内で活動したのを除いて、1917年まで亡命地にあってレーニンのよき協力者であり、その活動を支えた。1915年に「国民教育と民主主義」を完成(1917年出版)するなど、マルクス主義教育理論家としても活躍した。1917年4月にレーニンとともに革命ロシアに帰り、十月革命後は教育人民委員部の重要メンバーとして、ルナチャルスキーやポクロフスキーらとともにソビエト教育政策の基礎を築いた。とくに、生産労働との結合を通して人間の全面的発達を目ざす総合技術教育を新しい学校教育のあり方として位置づけ、また子供の集団主義的育成を目ざすピオネール組織の運動を指導するなど、社会主義建設と結び付いた教育の理論化と実践に大きな足跡を残した。レーニンが発作に倒れたのちは彼の看護婦であるとともに最良の理解者として夫を助けた。彼の晩年から死後にかけて、実力を握りつつあったスターリンと対立した時期もあった。著作に『教育論集』全10巻、『レーニンの思い出』などがある。

[原 暉之]

『矢川徳光他訳『クルプスカヤ選集』全11巻(1976~1978・明治図書出版)』

[参照項目] | ピオネール | ポクロフスキー | ルナチャルスキー | レーニン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Kurbskii, Andrei Mikhailovich

>>:  Ankle - Ankle

Recommend

Sea of ​​Marmara - Marmara Denizi

A small inland sea between the Bosphorus and the D...

Khālid b. 'Abd al-'Azīz

…Relations with the United States also became ten...

York Dynasty

A British dynasty (1461-85). They fought for the t...

Shimose explosives (English spelling)

A military explosive that was adopted as the offi...

《Iklil》(English spelling)

…He became embroiled in political struggles in hi...

Chorea

[What kind of disease is it?] It is a disease that...

Hojo Tokifusa

Year of death: 24th January 1240 (18th February 12...

Bedbugs - Bedbugs

A type of insect in the Hemiptera family, Cimex. C...

Moeller van den Bruck, A.

...Hitler considered his empire to be the third e...

trout

...Among them, the name "salmon" was us...

Alexander Halensis

Around 1185 - 1245 Franciscan theologian from Engl...

Zuray' (English spelling)

...The Ismailis became active from the end of the...

Nishikawa Kishu

The name of the head of the Nishikawa School of th...

climax

〘noun〙 (climax)① A state or scene in which excitem...

King Jinheung

The 24th king of Silla, Korea (reigned 540-576). ...