Penn, Sean

Japanese: ペン(英語表記)Penn, Sean
Penn, Sean
Born August 17, 1960 in Santa Monica, California, United States actor and director. Full name Sean Justin Penn. Born to entertainer parents. He studied acting at the Los Angeles Repertory Theatre, and began his career as an actor in 1981, appearing in an off-Broadway play and the film Taps. He later expanded his field of work, writing and directing Indian Runner (1991) and directing The Crossing Guard (1995). As an actor, he was first nominated for an Academy Award for Dead Man Walking (1995), and won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival for She's So Lovely (1997). He was also nominated for an Academy Award for Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and I Am Sam (2001). In 2003, he won the Venice Film Festival Best Actor Award for 21 Grams. The following year, he won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Mystic River (2003), in which he plays a grief-stricken father whose daughter is murdered. In 2007, he returned to direct Into the Wild. In 2008, he again won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Milk, a film depicting the life of Harvey Milk, the first openly gay American to hold public office. He then gave outstanding performances in Fair Game (2010) and The Tree of Life (2011). Outside of film, he is also a political activist, known for his opposition to the Iraq War.

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Penn, Arthur

Born: September 27, 1922, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[Died] September 28, 2010. New York, New York. American film director and stage director. Full name Arthur Hiller Penn. Known for his critical portrayals of the dark side of American society. After studying at the Actors Studio, he trained in the television industry, and from 1953 he was active as a drama scriptwriter and director, while also gaining recognition as a stage director. He made his film debut in 1958 with The Left-Handed Gun. He gained attention for his commercially and artistically successful works, such as The Miracle Worker (1962) and The Chase (1966). With Bonnie and Clyde (1967), which featured real men and women from the 1930s as protagonists and depicted the loneliness and emptiness of youth through the bold inclusion of sex and cruelty not seen in conventional Hollywood films, he became a representative director of the American New Cinema and left an indelible mark on the history of American cinema. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for The Miracle Worker, Bonnie and Clyde, and Alice's Restaurant (1969). His other works include the western Little Big Man (1970), which reexamines history. His brother is the famous photographer Irving Penn.

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Penn, Irving

Born June 16, 1917 in Plainfield, New Jersey
[Died] October 7, 2009. New York, New York. American photographer. He initially aspired to be a painter, but at the age of 26, he made the cover of the fashion magazine Vogue and switched to fashion photography. He excelled in classical, elegant, and dramatic expressions. He also made a name for himself in portrait photography, known for his sophisticated works, which he photographed with natural light from the north against simple backgrounds. He is known for his monumental work "Small Trades," which he photographed workers in New York, London, and Paris in 1950-51. Later, he produced platinum prints of female nudes and cigarette butts, using techniques from fashion and portrait photography. His photo books include "Moments Preserved" (1960), "Worlds in a Small Room" (1974), and "Passage" (1991).

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Penn, William

Born: October 14, 1644, London
[Died] July 30, 1718. Buckinghamshire. English Quaker and founder of the Pennsylvania colony. His father, of the same name, was a naval officer who served as a Parliamentarian in the Puritan Revolution and also played an active role in the Anglo-Dutch War. He entered Oxford University in 1660. He was introduced to the Quaker faith in Ireland while traveling to manage his father's estates, and converted to the faith. In 1681, he obtained a charter from King Charles II to establish a colony in North America as payment for his father's debts. He named the colony Pennsylvania after his own surname, and traveled there in 1782. He founded Philadelphia, paid attention to establishing friendly relations with the Indians, and worked hard to develop the colony. In 1784, he returned to the United States to resolve a boundary dispute with Baltimore III (male). He returned to the colony in 1799, expanded the suffrage in the legislature, and worked to democratize it, returning to the United States in 1701. He was betrayed by the subordinates he had entrusted with managing the colony, and his later years were unfortunate.

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Penn, John

Born July 14, 1729 in Philadelphia
Died: February 9, 1795, Philadelphia. Grandson of W. Penn, Governor of the Colony of Pennsylvania. Inherited one-fourth of the Penn family's sovereignty in the colony. Attended the Albany Convention in 1754. Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania from 1763 to 1771 and from 1773 to 1776. Worked on border issues between the colony and Connecticut, Maryland, and Virginia, and on mediating relations between the Native Americans and settlers. Remained in Philadelphia even after independence.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1960.8.17. カリフォルニア,サンタモニカ
アメリカ合衆国の映画俳優,監督。フルネーム Sean Justin Penn。芸能人の両親のもとに生まれる。ロサンゼルスのレパートリー・シアターで演技を学び,1981年にオフ・ブロードウェーの舞台や映画『タップス』Tapsに出演し,俳優としての道を歩み始めた。やがて活動分野を広げて『インディアン・ランナー』Indian Runner(1991)では脚本と監督を,『クロッシング・ガード』The Crossing Guard(1995)で監督を務めた。俳優としては『デッドマン・ウォーキング』Dead Man Walking(1995)で初めてアカデミー賞にノミネートされ,『シーズ・ソー・ラヴリー』She's So Lovely(1997)でカンヌ国際映画祭男優賞を受賞。『ギター弾きの恋』Sweet and Lowdown(1999),『アイ・アム・サム』I Am Sam(2001)でもアカデミー賞候補に名を連ねた。2003年『21グラム』21 Gramsでベネチア国際映画祭男優賞を受賞。翌 2004年,『ミスティック・リバー』Mystic River(2003)で娘を殺され悲しみに打ちひしがれる父親を好演して,ついにアカデミー賞主演男優賞を手にした。2007年には再びメガホンをとり,『イントゥ・ザ・ワイルド』Into the Wildを世に出した。2008年,同性愛者であることを公にしながら公職についた初めてのアメリカ人,ハーベイ・ミルクの半生を描いた『ミルク』Milkで主役を熱演し,再びアカデミー賞主演男優賞に輝いた。その後『フェア・ゲーム』Fair Game(2010),『ツリー・オブ・ライフ』The Tree of Life(2011)で好演。映画を離れると政治活動家でもあり,特にイラク戦争に反対を表明したことで知られる。

ペン
Penn, Arthur

[生]1922.9.27. ペンシルバニア,フィラデルフィア
[没]2010.9.28. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の映画監督,舞台演出家。フルネーム Arthur Hiller Penn。アメリカ社会の暗部を批判的に描いた作品で知られた。アクターズ・スタジオで学んだのちテレビ界で研鑽を積み,1953年からドラマの脚本家および演出家として活躍する一方,舞台演出家としても定評があった。1958年『左ききの拳銃』The Left-Handed Gunで映画監督としてデビュー。商業的にも芸術的にも成功した『奇跡の人』The Miracle Worker(1962),『逃亡地帯』The Chase(1966)などの作品で注目された。1930年代の実在の男女を主人公に,青春の孤独,むなしさを従来のハリウッド映画にはみられないセックスや残酷シーンの大胆な挿入で描写した『俺たちに明日はない』Bonnie and Clyde(1967)でアメリカン・ニュー・シネマの代表的作家となり,アメリカ映画史に不滅の足跡を残した。『奇跡の人』,『俺たちに明日はない』,『アリスのレストラン』Alice's Restaurant(1969)でアカデミー賞監督賞にノミネートされた。ほかに,歴史を見直す西部劇『小さな巨人』Little Big Man(1970)など。兄は著名な写真家アービング・ペン。

ペン
Penn, Irving

[生]1917.6.16. ニュージャ-ジー,プレーンフィールド
[没]2009.10.7. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の写真家。初め画家を志したが,26歳のときファッション誌『ヴォーグ』の表紙を手がけ,ファッション写真家に転向した。古典的で典雅な劇的表現を得意とした。人物写真でも名をなし,簡素な背景のもと,北側からの自然光で撮影する洗練された作品で知られる。1950~51年にニューヨークやロンドン,パリの労働者を撮影した記念碑的な作品 "Small Trades"が有名。のちに,ファッション写真や人物写真の手法を用いた女性のヌードやたばこの吸い殻を題材にした作品を,プラチナプリントで制作した。写真集に"Moments Preserved"(1960),"Worlds in a Small Room"(1974),"Passage"(1991)など。

ペン
Penn, William

[生]1644.10.14. ロンドン
[没]1718.7.30. バッキンガムシャー
イギリスのクェーカー教徒,ペンシルバニア植民地の建設者。同名の父は,清教徒革命に議会派として従軍し,イギリス=オランダ戦争にも活躍した海軍軍人。 1660年オックスフォード大学に入学。父の領地管理のためおもむいたアイルランドでクェーカーの信仰に触れ,入信。 81年父の債権の代償として北アメリカに植民地建設の特許状を国王チャールズ2世から獲得し,自己の姓をとってペンシルバニアと名づけ,82年渡航。フィラデルフィアを建設しインディアンとの友好関係の樹立に留意し,植民地の発展に尽力。 84年3代ボルティモア (男)との境界紛争解決のため帰国。 99年再び植民地に帰り,議会の選挙権を拡大して民主化に努め,1701年帰国。植民地経営を託した部下に裏切られるなど,晩年は不遇であった。

ペン
Penn, John

[生]1729.7.14. フィラデルフィア
[没]1795.2.9. フィラデルフィア
アメリカ,ペンシルバニア植民地総督 W.ペンの孫。同植民地にペン家がもつ領主権の4分の1を相続。 1754年のオールバニ会議に出席。 63~71,73~76年ペンシルバニア植民地副総督。同植民地とコネティカット,メリーランド,バージニアの境界線問題やインディアンと開拓民との関係調停に努め,独立後もフィラデルフィアにとどまった。

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