British molecular biologist. He studied physics at the University of London and worked on radar development for the navy during World War II. In 1947, while studying protein structure at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, he met Watson and worked together to create a model of the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In 1953, he proposed a double helix model in which the two strands run in opposite directions and adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine are paired together. The correctness of this structure was immediately proven. For this work, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 along with Watson and Wilkins. He continued to propose many insightful hypotheses, such as the idea that the genetic code is based on triplets with no overlaps, and the adapter hypothesis in the mechanism of protein synthesis, contributing to the development of molecular biology. In 1977, he moved to the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in the United States and devoted himself to research on the brain and consciousness. His books include "What Mad Pursuit " (1988) and " The Astonishing Hypothesis " (1994). [Mieko Ishidate] "Molecules and Man" by Francis Crick, translated by Tamaki Hidehiko (1970, Misuzu Shobo)" ▽ "Life: This Universe" by Francis Crick, translated by Nakamura Keiko (1982, Shisosha/reprinted 2005, Shinshisosha)" ▽ "Days of Passionate Pursuit: Records of the Discoverer of the DNA Double Helix" translated by Nakamura Keiko (1989, TBS Britannica)" ▽ "Does DNA Have a Soul? - An Astonishing Hypothesis" translated by Nakahara Hideomi and Sagawa Takashi (1995, Kodansha)" [References] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの分子生物学者。ロンドン大学で物理学を学び、第二次世界大戦中は海軍でレーダーの開発に携わった。1947年ケンブリッジ大学キャベンディッシュ研究所でタンパク質構造を研究中、ワトソンと出会い、共同でDNA(デオキシリボ核酸)の構造のモデルづくりに取り組む。1953年、2本鎖のそれぞれが逆向きに走り、アデニンとチミン、グアニンとシトシンが対合する二重螺旋(らせん)構造モデルを提出した。この構造の正しさはただちに証明された。この業績で1962年にワトソン、ウィルキンズとともにノーベル医学生理学賞を受賞した。その後も、遺伝暗号が重複のない三つ組み塩基(トリプレット)によるとする考えや、タンパク質合成の機構におけるアダプター仮説など、洞察に富んだ仮説を多く提出し、分子生物学の発展に寄与した。1977年より、アメリカのソーク生物学研究所に移り、脳と意識の研究に打ち込んだ。著書に『What Mad Pursuit』(1988。邦訳『熱き探求の日々』)、『The Astonishing Hypothesis』(1994。邦訳『DNAに魂はあるか』)などがある。 [石館三枝子] 『クリック著、玉木英彦訳『分子と人間』(1970・みすず書房)』▽『フランシス・クリック著、中村桂子訳『生命――この宇宙なるもの』(1982・思索社/再装版・2005・新思索社)』▽『中村桂子訳『熱き探求の日々――DNA二重らせん発見者の記録』(1989・TBSブリタニカ)』▽『中原英臣・佐川峻訳『DNAに魂はあるか――驚異の仮説』(1995・講談社)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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