Kramers - Hendrik Anttony Kramers

Japanese: クラマース - くらまーす(英語表記)Hendrik Anttony Kramers
Kramers - Hendrik Anttony Kramers

Dutch theoretical physicist. He studied under Ehrenfest at Leiden University, conducted research under Bohr in Copenhagen, and became a professor at Utrecht University before succeeding Ehrenfest at Leiden University in 1934. In his early years, he made important contributions to the establishment of quantum mechanics, including his research on the correspondence principle, his research on the dispersion of light in collaboration with Heisenberg, and the creation of an approximate solution method for the Schrödinger equation known as the WKB method. The Kramers-Kronig relation, which he derived independently of Kronig in 1927, became the basic formula for the theory of dispersion of light, and the Kramers degeneracy, which he theoretically studied in 1930, is used to obtain extremely low temperatures by adiabatic demagnetization. His research in later years spanned a wide range of fields in physics, but he was a physicist with excellent insight into the physical meaning of mathematical expressions.

[Yoko Kawai]

[References] | Ehrenfest | Kronig | Degeneracy | Schrödinger's wave equation | Adiabatic demagnetization | Heisenberg | Bohr | Quantum mechanics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

オランダの理論物理学者。ライデン大学でエーレンフェストに学び、コペンハーゲンのボーアの下で研究を行い、ユトレヒト大学教授を経て、1934年ライデン大学のエーレンフェストの後を継いだ。その初期には、対応原理の研究やハイゼンベルクと共同して光の分散に関する研究、またWKB法として知られるシュレーディンガー方程式の近似解法の創始など、量子力学の確立に重要な貢献をした。クレーニヒとは独立に、1927年に導出したクラマース‐クレーニヒの関係式は、その後の光の分散理論の基本公式となり、また1930年に理論的に研究したクラマース縮退は、断熱消磁で極低温を得るのに利用されている。後年の彼の研究は物理学の広い分野にわたったが、数学的な表現がもっている物理学的意味についての洞察力に優れた物理学者であった。

[川合葉子]

[参照項目] | エーレンフェスト | クレーニヒ | 縮退 | シュレーディンガーの波動方程式 | 断熱消磁 | ハイゼンベルク | ボーア | 量子力学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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