A general term for the Elaeaceae (APG classification: Elaeaceae) Elaeaceae genus. There are species in the Elaeaceae genus that lose their leaves in winter and those that do not. Those that lose their leaves in winter produce flowers next to the leaves of new branches from spring to summer. There are many deciduous Elaeaceae species in Japan, such as Autumn Elaeaceae and Summer Elaeaceae. Among them, Summer Elaeaceae and others flower in April to June and the fruit ripens quickly in about a month, but Autumn Elaeaceae only flowers in April to May and ripens in October to November. Elaeaceae that do not lose their leaves in winter produce flowers next to the leaves of fully grown branches in October to November and the fruit ripens in the spring of the following year. They include Tsurugumi, Oobagumi (Marubagumi), and Nawashirogumi. These evergreen Elaeaceae species have bell-shaped or tubular flowers with somewhat long tubes, and are distributed from central Japan westward to China and the Himalayas. South of this region, there are species of E. oldhamii Maxim., which have small flowers and extremely short tubes. This species is found in Taiwan from Malaysia to India, but is not found in Japan. Some species have edible fruits. Also, most species of Elaeagnus have fruits that are more or less fleshy and turn red when ripe, but in rare cases, some deciduous Elaeagnus species have powdery fruits. The powdery fruit with a yellow skin is found in southern Europe and central-western Asia, while the North American species E. commutata Bernh. ( E. argentea Pursh ) has powdery fruit whose skin is permanently covered with silvery scales. The fruits of the latter species are dry and hard. There are about 40 species in the Elaeagnus genus worldwide, making it one of the more difficult species to classify. [Taiichi Momiyama November 20, 2019] [Reference items] | | | | |They are 5-6mm in diameter and spherical or elliptical. They ripen to red in September and October and are edible. ©Seishohmaru "> Autumnal fruit They are large and oblong, about 15 mm long. They ripen red in April and May and hang down from thin stalks. ©Seishohmaru "> Fruit of the Japanese yarrow Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
グミ科(APG分類:グミ科)グミ属の総称。グミ属には冬、葉の落ちるものと、落ちないものとがある。冬、葉の落ちるものは、春から夏にかけて、新しい枝の葉のわきに花をつける。アキグミ、ナツグミなど、日本には落葉グミが多い。そのなかでナツグミその他は4~6月に花が開き、1か月くらいですぐに果実が成熟するが、アキグミのみは4~5月に開花し、10~11月に至って成熟する。冬、葉の落ちないグミは、10~11月に、伸びきった枝の葉のわきに花をつけ、果実は翌年の春になって成熟する。ツルグミ、オオバグミ(マルバグミ)、ナワシログミなどが含まれる。これらの常緑グミは、花は鐘形または筒形で、筒は多少とも長く、その分布地域は日本中部以西から中国、ヒマラヤに及んでいる。この地域より南方には、花が小さくて筒の著しく短いグミが分布する。台湾のタカサゴグミE. oldhamii Maxim.がそれで、この系統のものはマレーからインドに分布していて、日本ではみられない。果実を食用とするものもある。 また、グミの多くの種類は、果実が多少とも肉質になり、熟して赤くなるものが普通であるが、まれに落葉グミのなかには果実が粉質になるものがある。粉質で果皮が黄色になるものはヨーロッパ南部、アジア中西部産のホソグミE. angustifolia L.であり、粉質で、果皮がいつまでも銀色の鱗片(りんぺん)に覆われているのは、北アメリカのE. commutata Bernh.(E. argentea Pursh)である。後者の果実は乾燥していて硬い。グミ属は世界に約40種あり、種の分類がむずかしいものの一つである。 [籾山泰一 2019年11月20日] [参照項目] | | | | |直径5~6mmで球形ないし楕円状球形。9~10月に赤く熟し、食べられる©Seishohmaru"> アキグミの果実 長楕円形で大きく、長さ約15mm。4~5月に赤く熟し、細い柄で垂れ下がる©Seishohmaru"> ナワシログミの果実 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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