A perennial plant of the Verbenaceae family (APG classification: Verbenaceae). The stem is four-sided and 0.3-1 meter tall. The leaves are opposite and either three-lobed or pinnately lobed. From June to October, long spikes of flowers bloom at the ends of the branches, producing small, pink-purple flowers with five petals. It grows on roadsides and in fields in hilly areas, and is found in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa, Asia, Europe, and northern Africa. The whole dried plant is called horse whip grass, and is used as a menstrual remedy and for swelling. Verbenaceae have four stamens and four-part fruits. There are about 45 species in the world, of which one is found in Japan. [Hideo Takahashi October 20, 2021] Cultural historyIn ancient Egypt, it was likened to the tears of Isis, the goddess of agriculture, and was burned in rituals. The ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, and Celtic Druids also used this flower in their religious ceremonies, and its genus name, Verbena , means "plant that decorates the altar" in Latin. According to Christian legend, this flower stopped the bleeding of Christ on the cross, and in medieval Europe it was used in various ways as a spiritual herb to ward off witches, prevent insomnia, foresee the future, remove worldly desires, induce aphrodisiac activity, and calm the soul. [Hiroshi Yuasa October 20, 2021] From June to October, it produces long spikes at the ends of the branches, and small, pink-purple, five-petaled flowers bloom. It is a medicinal plant. ©Seishohmaru "> Vervain ©Kanzo Otawa "> Vervain (specimen drawing) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
クマツヅラ科(APG分類:クマツヅラ科)の多年草。茎は四稜(しりょう)形で、高さ0.3~1メートル。葉は対生し、3裂または羽状に中裂ないし深裂する。6~10月、枝先に長い穂状花序をなし、淡紅紫色の小さな5弁花を開く。丘陵帯の道端や野原に生え、本州、四国、九州、沖縄およびアジア、ヨーロッパ、アフリカ北部に分布する。全草乾燥したものを馬鞭草(ばべんそう)と称し、通経薬や腫(は)れ物の薬として用いられる。クマツヅラ属は雄しべは4本、果実は4分果からなる。世界に約45種あり、そのうち日本に1種が分布する。 [高橋秀男 2021年10月20日] 文化史古代エジプトでは農業の女神イシスの涙に例えられ、儀式で燃やされた。また、古代のギリシア・ローマ、ペルシアおよびケルトのドルイド教徒たちもこの花を神事に用い、属名のウェルベナVerbenaはラテン語で「祭壇を飾る植物」を意味する。キリスト教伝説によれば、十字架上のキリストの出血を止めた花とされ、中世ヨーロッパでは霊草として魔女除(よ)けや不眠予防、未来の予見、煩悩断ち、催淫(さいいん)、鎮静など、さまざまに用いられた。 [湯浅浩史 2021年10月20日] 6~10月、枝先に長い穂状花序をつくり、淡紅紫色の小さな5弁花を開く。薬用植物の一つ©Seishohmaru"> クマツヅラ ©大多和鐘三"> クマツヅラ〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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