Plesiosaur - plesiosaur

Japanese: 首長竜 - くびながりゅう(英語表記)plesiosaur
Plesiosaur - plesiosaur

A marine reptile that flourished from the Jurassic to the Cretaceous periods, about 199.6 to 65.5 million years ago. It is classified as a suborder of the order Pleistocereus. It is also called Plesiosaurus or Ophiuchus. Its appearance looks like a snake-like neck connected to a sea turtle-like body. It is divided into two groups: the long-necked type has a very small head, and the short-necked type has a very large head. Its front and back legs were modified like oars. It swam by moving its four legs underwater like wings, like sea turtles and penguins. Its nostrils were located on the top of its head in front of its eyes, and its jaws were armed with sharp teeth. Elasmosaurus had a long neck (neck bones) with 76 bones. Fossils have been discovered that contain gastroliths in their stomachs, as well as the remains of pterosaurs, fish, and cephalopods. The smallest species ranged in length from about 2 meters to as much as 13 meters. The largest species had a head length of up to 3 meters.

[Ikuo Obata]

"The Natural History of the Cretaceous Period" by Ikuo Obata (1993, University of Tokyo Press)" "The Mystery of Pterosaurs - The Age of Pterosaurs, Plesiosaurs, and Ichthyosaurs" by Ryuichi Kaneko, Mika Nakano, and Eriko Nagao (1995, Futami Shobo)

[References] | Pseudosaurus | Futabasaurus | Plesiosaurus
Pliosaurus skeleton
sp. Late Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era. Photo from Morocco / Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum Image Library ">

Pliosaurus skeleton

Plesiosaur gastrolith
The smallest are about 4cm, the largest are about 9cm. Produced in Oklahoma, USA. Photo courtesy of the Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (GSJ F12932) .

Plesiosaur gastrolith


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ジュラ紀から白亜紀にかけての、約1億9960万年~6550万年前に繁栄した海生爬虫(はちゅう)類。分類学上は鰭竜(きりゅう)目中の1亜目。長頸竜(ちょうけいりゅう)あるいは蛇頸竜(だけいりゅう)ともいう。外観はヘビのような頸(くび)がウミガメのような胴につながっているようにみえる。2大別され、頸の長い種類では頭が非常に小さく、頸の短い種類では頭が非常に大きかった。前肢と後肢はオールのように変形していた。泳ぎ方は、ウミガメやペンギンのように、四肢を翼のように水中で流したものらしい。鼻孔は頭の頂上の眼前にあり、あごはとがった歯で武装されていた。エラスモサウルスElasmosaurusでは頸骨(けいこつ)(頸の骨)が76個もあるほど長かった。胃の中に胃石(ガストロリス)をもち、翼竜、魚、頭足類の遺骸(いがい)を含んだ化石が発見されている。最小で全長2メートルぐらいから、全長13メートルにまで及ぶ種類がある。頭の大きい種類では頭長3メートルもあるものがいた。

[小畠郁生]

『小畠郁生著『白亜紀の自然史』(1993・東京大学出版会)』『金子隆一・中野美鹿・長尾衣里子著『翼竜の謎――翼竜・首長竜・魚竜の時代』(1995・二見書房)』

[参照項目] | 偽竜 | フタバサウルス | プレシオサウルス
首長竜(プリオサウルス)の骨格
sp. 中生代白亜紀後期 モロッコ産写真/福井県立恐竜博物館画像ライブラリー">

首長竜(プリオサウルス)の骨格

首長竜の胃石
小さいものは約4cm、大きいものは約9cm アメリカ オクラホマ州産写真提供/産業技術総合研究所地質調査総合センター(GSJ F12932)">

首長竜の胃石


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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