Provincial Magistrate - Kunibugyo

Japanese: 国奉行 - くにぶぎょう

(1) In the early days of the Kamakura Shogunate, Minamoto no Yoritomo established these in the provinces under his control, and they directed the Kokuga Zaichou and were in charge of administrative affairs. It is unclear what their relationship was with the Shugo, who had military command. It seems that Shugo and Kokubugyōnin coexisted in the beginning, but it is believed that Kokubugyō were eventually subsumed into Shugoshoku. (2) A Shogunate position established in the early Edo period. They were also called Gundai. They were established in 11 provinces, mainly in the Kinki region, where private lands and Shogunate lands were intertwined, and were responsible for wide-area administration on a provincial basis. They were established to take over the duties of Gundai during the Warring States period, who divided the authority of Shugodai by district, and their main duties were to control transportation and division of labor, and to mobilize personnel and materials necessary for construction and war. In the late 17th century, when these duties became unnecessary, this system was dissolved into a wide-area administrative organization centered on the Kyoto Shoshidai and the Osaka Castle Dai, and the name Kokubugyō disappeared.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

（１）鎌倉幕府草創期，源頼朝が勢力下の諸国に置いたもので，国衙在庁を指揮し，行政事務を担当した。軍事統率権をもつ守護との関係は定かではない。当初は守護と国奉行人とが併存していたようであるが，国奉行はいつしか守護職に包摂されたとみられる。（２）江戸初期に置かれた幕府の職制。郡代ともいう。私領と幕府領が錯綜する近畿地方を中心とした11ヵ国に置かれ，一国単位で広域的に行政を担当した。守護代の権限を郡ごとに分掌する戦国期の郡代の任務を継承するものとして設置され，交通・分業を掌握し，普請や戦争に必要な要員や物資を動員するのが主たる任務であった。こうした任務が不要となった17世紀後半になると，この制度は京都所司代，大坂城代を中心とした広域行政機構に解消し，国奉行の呼び名も消滅した。

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