Autumn white - Kushuhaku

Chinese revolutionary and literary critic. His given name was Shiang, and his pen names included Song Yang, Shi Tie'er, and Yi Jia. He was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. While studying at the Beijing Russian Language Institute, he participated in the May Fourth Movement (1919) and became aware of the contradictions in society. In 1920, he was stationed in Moscow as a reporter for the Beijing Morning News, and in 1922, he became a member of the Chinese Communist Party. His travelogues from this time, To Revolutionary Moscow and History of the Red City, are famous. After returning to China, he held key positions in the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and took the place of Chen Duxiu on the front lines, but in 1931, he resigned in disgrace due to political failure. After that, he engaged in literary activities in Shanghai. His works include Preface to Selected Thoughts of Lu Xun (1932) and Spoken Words on the Sea. During this time, he participated in the debate over the popularization of literature and the Third Kind of People debate (a debate between writers calling themselves "Third Kind of People" and Qu Qiubai and others in the China Left Writers League). In 1935, he was arrested and shot to death by the Kuomintang government.

[Toshiaki Maeda]

"To Revolutionary Moscow" translated by Masuda Wataru (included in "Selections of Contemporary Chinese Literature 3", 1963, Heibonsha)" ▽ "Selections of Lu Xun's Miscellaneous Thoughts" translated by Kaneko Jiro (1953, Hato Shobo)" ▽ "Recollections of Qu Qiubai" by Yang Zhihua, translated by Niijima Junryou (included in "Selections of Contemporary Chinese Literature 17", 1963, Heibonsha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の革命家、文芸評論家。名は霜、筆名に宋陽、史鉄児、易嘉など。江蘇(こうそ)省常州(じょうしゅう)の出身。北京(ペキン)ロシア語専修館在学中、五・四運動（1919）に参加し、社会の矛盾に目覚めた。1920年『北京晨報(しんぽう)』記者としてモスクワに駐在し、1922年中国共産党員となった。このときの見聞録『革命のモスクワへ』『赤都心史』は有名。帰国後、中国共産党中央の要職を歴任、陳独秀(ちんどくしゅう)にかわり第一線にたつが、1931年、政治上の失敗で引責辞任。以後、上海(シャンハイ)で文芸活動に従事。『魯迅(ろじん)雑感選集序言』（1932）、『海上述林』などの著訳がある。この間、文芸大衆化論争、第三種人論争（「第三種人」を称する文学者と瞿秋白ら中国左翼作家連盟との論争）に加わった。1935年、国民党政府により逮捕、銃殺された。

［前田利昭］

『増田渉訳『革命のモスクワへ』（『中国現代文学選集3』所収・1963・平凡社）』▽『金子二郎訳『魯迅雑感選集』（1953・ハト書房）』▽『楊之華著、新島淳良訳『回想の瞿秋白』（『中国現代文学選集17』所収・1963・平凡社）』

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