Calorie

Japanese: calorique
Calorie

…If this is the case, it is natural to think of heat as something material. Black also suggested that it might be a kind of fluid, but Lavoisier, in his 1889 publication of his Elements of Chemistry, clearly asserted the caloric theory, that the true nature of heat is a kind of element called calorie. According to this theory, calorie is an extremely fluid substance that moves freely in and out of objects and helps to increase the distance between molecules. …

From [Theorem of Calorie]

...This point was made clear by AL Lavoisier, who criticized the phlogiston theory. In his 1789 "Instituts d'Etudes Chemistry," Lavoisier considered "calorique" (French for "caloric element") to be an element that carries a certain amount of heat, combines with matter (latent heat), or appears as heat on its own. In the development of the theory of heat engines, such caloric elements were also considered to be a kind of fluid. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "calorique" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…もしそうなら熱を何か物質的なものと考えるのが自然である。ブラックも一種の流体ではないかという考えを述べたが,ラボアジエは89年に発表した《化学要綱》の中で,熱の本性は熱素caloriqueという一種の元素であるとはっきり熱素説を主張した。それによると熱素はきわめて流動的な物質で物体中を自由に出入りし,分子間の距離を広げる役をする。…

【熱素説】より

…この点を明確にしたのはフロギストン説を批判したA.L.ラボアジエであった。 ラボアジエは1789年の《化学要綱》で〈熱素calorique(フランス語)〉を一つの元素とみなし,それが一定の熱量を担い,物質と結合し(潜熱),あるいは独自には熱として現れると考えた。こうした熱素は,熱機関の理論などの展開のなかで,一種の流体としてもとらえられた。…

※「calorique」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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