Kusabiraishi - Kusabiraishi

Japanese: クサビライシ - くさびらいし
Kusabiraishi - Kusabiraishi

A general term for marine animals of the genus Fungia in the family Scleractinidae, subclass Hexacorallia, class Anthozoa, phylum Coelenterata, or one of these. This species lives alone in shallow coral reefs south of the Ogasawara Islands and Amami Islands. The polyps have symbiotic algae and belong to the reef-building corals. Among reef-building corals, this species is the only one that does not form colonies. Kusabira is an old name for mushrooms, and it is named after its shape, which resembles a mushroom cap. The planula larvae expelled from the mother's mouth attach to rocks and grow, forming a coral body with one polyp, the upper part of which spreads out like an umbrella. Eventually the upper part breaks off to become a single scleractinian, which lives free. The cap spreads out again from the top of the remaining base and breaks off. This horizontal division is repeated to produce a single free-living zoon. The zoonotes inflate their bodies by drawing in seawater, and then move to a certain extent by rolling with the water current.

Fungia scutaria is egg-shaped or elliptical, with a long diameter of up to 20 centimeters. Its tentacles are transparent and short. A closely related species, Fungia cyclolites , is much closer to circular than Fungia scutaria, and is smaller, with a diameter of just 5 centimeters. Fungia actiniformis palauensis is egg-shaped, with a diameter of about 10 centimeters, and has long tentacles that are 5 to 6 centimeters long, stretching all over its surface, making it look at first glance like a sea anemone.

In addition to these, the Polyphyllia family also includes other free-living, colonial species with many mouths, such as the genera Polyphyllia and Herpolitha .

[Hiroomi Uchida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

腔腸(こうちょう)動物門花虫綱六放サンゴ亜綱イシサンゴ目クサビライシ科のフンギア属Fungiaの海産動物の総称、またはそのなかの1種。この類は、小笠原(おがさわら)諸島、奄美(あまみ)諸島以南のサンゴ礁浅海に単体で生息する。ポリプは共生藻をもち、造礁サンゴに属する。造礁サンゴのなかで、群体をつくらないイシサンゴはこの類だけである。クサビラとはキノコの古名であり、形がキノコの傘に似ているところから、この名がある。母体の口から吐き出されたプラヌラ幼生は、岩上に付着して成長し、1個のポリプをもつサンゴ体を形成し、その上部は傘のように広がる。やがて上部が切れて単体のクサビライシとなり、自由生活をする。残った基部の上端からふたたび傘が広がって切れる。この横分裂を繰り返して単体の自由生活個虫が生産される。個虫は体内に海水を吸い込むことによって体を膨らませ、水流により転がって、ある程度の移動を行う。

 クサビライシFungia scutariaは、卵形または楕円(だえん)形で長径20センチメートルに達する。触手は透明で短い。近縁種のマンジュウイシF. cyclolitesは、クサビライシよりはるかに円形に近く、径は5センチメートルで小さい。また、パラオクサビライシF. actiniformis palauensisは、卵形で径10センチメートルほどとなり、5~6センチメートルの長い触手を全面に伸ばし、一見イソギンチャクのようにみえる。

 クサビライシ科には、これらのほかに、遊離生活をするが、口を多数もった群体となるイシナマコ属Polyphylliaやキュウリイシ属Herpolithaなどがある。

[内田紘臣]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Kusafugu - Kusafugu

>>:  Grass Skylark - Paratrigonidium bifasciatum

Recommend

Pobirokhin, L.

...The name means "fighters for souls."...

Ch'oe Yǒng (English spelling)

[Born] King Chungsuk 3 (1316) [Death] 14th of Marc...

Ogimi [village] - Ogimi

A village in Kunigami County, Okinawa Prefecture, ...

Lane, H.

...A theory that seeks to clarify the temperature...

Hisao Tanabe

Born: August 16, 1883 in Tokyo [Died] March 5, 198...

Sensory receptors

...the phenomenon of consciousness caused by exte...

Scone (English spelling)

A village in the south of Tayside (formerly Perths...

Old woman (Noh mask) - Uba

…Other masks in the Agata category include Tenjin...

Audio equipment - Audio listening

The basis of audio is to enjoy listening to sound,...

Adolescent crisis

A psychiatric term referring to a mental crisis du...

Hirschsprung's disease

What is the disease? This is a disease in which t...

Off-Broadway

A general term for New York theater other than com...

Far East Olympics

…The main participating countries were the Philip...

Impressionism (English spelling) impressionnisme French

This refers to an artistic movement and style tha...

Concentric circle diagram - Concentric circle diagram

Please see the Nomograph page. Source: Encyclopae...