Kugaiden

It can also be read as "Kugeden." Kuge means government office. Therefore, Kugeden originally meant fields whose income was used for government office purposes, but in our Ritsuryo system, it was stipulated as fields used for the salaries of some government officials.

(1) A type of shikiden (official land) in the broad sense under the Ritsuryo system, which was provided to officials of overseas offices such as Dazaifu and kokushi. The name in the Taiho Code. In the Yoro Code, the names of these overseas office official fields, the shikiden of Dainagon and above, and the shikiden of Gunji were all unified as shikiden, but the name shikiden has never been used even after the Yoro Code was enacted. Non-exportable land. The maximum was 10 cho for Dazai no Sochi, and the minimum was 6 dan for Shokoku Shisho. After that, they were also provided to Azechi and other overseas offices.

(2) In the latter half of the Nara period, some government offices, such as the Utaryo (the Bureau of Gagaku), established fields attached to the office as financial resources for promoting learning and martial arts, and these were also called kotonada (public fields) in accordance with the original meaning of the word. In the Heian period, due to the financial difficulties imposed by the Ritsuryo code, the income from these types of kotonada came to be used for personnel expenses and general expenditures of government officials.

[Toshiya Torao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

「くげでん」とも読む。公廨とは官衙(かんが)を意味する。したがって公廨田は本来その田からの収入をもって官衙の用にあてる田を意味するが、わが律令(りつりょう)制では一部官人の俸禄(ほうろく)にあてる田として規定された。

(1)律令制下の広義の職田(しきでん)（職分田）の一種で、大宰府(だざいふ)や国司など在外諸司の官人に支給された田。大宝令での名称。養老(ようろう)令では、この在外諸司公廨田、大納言(だいなごん)以上職田、郡司(ぐんじ)職田の名称をすべて職分田と統一したが、養老令施行後も職分田の名称は用いられたことはない。不輸租田。大宰帥(そち)の10町を最高とし、諸国史生(ししょう)の6段を最低とする。その後、按察使(あぜち)その他の在外諸司にも支給。

(2)奈良時代後半になると、雅楽(うた)寮などいくつかの官司には勧学や尚武のためその財源として官司付属の田を設定したが、これも本来の字義に従って公廨田とよばれた。平安時代に入ると、律令財政の逼迫(ひっぱく)のため、このタイプの公廨田からの収入は、官人の人件費や一般的支出にあてられるようになった。

［虎尾俊哉］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例