World of suffering

Japanese: 苦界 - くがい

〘Noun〙① (From the French word "Kukai" (suffering sea)) A world full of suffering. The human world. The world of suffering . Sea of suffering. ※Ukiyo-zoshi, Keisei-iro-shamisen (1701), Osaka "A life of eternal life floating in this world of suffering ." ② (━suru) (Taking " kugai" as the meaning of "suffering sea") The difficult circumstances of a prostitute. To do the difficult work of a prostitute. Also, the world of prostitutes. ※Haikai, Dokugin Ichinichi Senku (1675), 4th "With my bare sleeves washed away in the muddy river, Living in the sea of suffering, the moon is special." ※Sakehon, Kakuchu Soujizohen (1777), "A prostitute's shame is her shame, and her shame is mine. Since I am living a life of suffering, I ask for your help." ③ (━suru) To lead a life of suffering. Also, that situation. ※Kabuki: Korean Chinese Techniques (Killing Chinese) (1789) 3 “I too am a victim of suffering.” ※Yumeseishinron (1869)〈Sadakata Ryosuke〉 “If ordinary people are not guided, they will fall into evil and ultimately sink into suffering.”

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① (仏語「苦海」からの語) 苦しみの多い世の中。人間界。娑婆(しゃば)。苦海。※浮世草子・傾城色三味線（1701）大坂「此苦界(クカイ)にうかうかとの長生」② (━する) (「公界(くがい)」を「苦海」の意にとって) 遊女のつらい境遇。つらい遊女の勤めをすること。また、遊女の世界。※俳諧・独吟一日千句（1675）第四「袖の露身の泥川を落されてくかいにすめば月も格別」※洒落本・郭中掃除雑編（1777）「女郎の恥はぬしの恥、ぬしの恥はわっちが恥、くがいする身の上だから、たのまいではさ」③ (━する) 苦しい生活を送ること。また、その境遇。※歌舞伎・韓人漢文手管始（唐人殺し）（1789）三「わしも苦界する身じゃ」※夢醒真論（1869）〈貞方良助〉「只人は導かざれば悪に陥り、終には苦界に沈む」

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