Quiz - quiz (English spelling)

Japanese: クイズ - くいず(英語表記)quiz
Quiz - quiz (English spelling)

Riddles and other puzzles that require solving. The word was coined in 1791 by Dublin theatre manager Daly. It became a popular slang term around the end of the 18th century. Originally, it meant an oral examination or simple test that a teacher asked students, but nowadays, quiz refers mainly to a game in which students answer questions posed by a questioner using their wit or knowledge. A similar word is puzzle, but quiz refers to a question that is mainly posed in words or text, while puzzle refers to a riddle that uses figures, illustrations, or arrangements of letters and gives a certain amount of time to think. Although the word quiz is new, the history of solving riddles is long, and it is said that elementary riddles were already being practiced in the ancient civilizations around 3000 BC. The most famous of these is the riddle of the Sphinx told by Sophocles, "What animal walks on four legs in the morning, two legs in the afternoon, and three legs at night?" Its origin in Japan is unclear, but there are poems and articles about solving riddles in the mid-Heian period's "Shuui Wakashu" and "Sei Shonagon Diary," and in the Kamakura period's "Tsurezuregusa," it is written that people at the imperial court were absorbed in playing riddles, in which they would "link this to that and solve that." It is also well-known that Dr. Shinmura Izuru used the passage "I have met my mother twice, but my father never - lips" in "Naso," published in 1516 (Eisho 13) by the Emperor Go-Nara to prove that the ha sound was a fa (bilabial fricative) in that era. In the Edo period, it became popular as a game for the common people, and "Nazo no Hon" was published in 1624 (Kan'ei 1), and "Gosho Nazo no Hon" in 1706 (Hōei 3). In addition, "picture search" and "maze" games were also developed. After World War II, quiz shows "Hanashi no Izumi" (Fountain of Stories) appeared on NHK radio in December 1946 (Showa 21), and "Twenty Doors" (Twenty Doors) appeared in November 1947, and became popular. Various quizzes with prizes were published in weekly magazines and magazines, and after that, quiz shows with various ideas were broadcast on radio and television, and they are now an indispensable popular program on television. In the United States, the quiz show "64,000 Dollars," which began on CBS television in 1955, became explosively popular, and similar shows were produced one after another, but in 1959, a quiz scandal was discovered in which producers had told certain contestants the correct answers in advance, causing a major problem.

[Kuramochi Sadasuke]

"World Riddles Encyclopedia" edited by Takeshi Shibata et al. (1984, Taishukan Shoten)

[Reference] | Mystery | Puzzle

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

謎々(なぞなぞ)などの謎解きその他の考え物のこと。1791年、ダブリンの劇場支配人デイリーが造語したことばである。18世紀の終わりごろから流行俗語となった。本来は、教師が生徒に質問する口頭試問や簡単なテストの意であったが、現在はもっぱら、出題者の質問に対して機知や知識で即答する遊びをクイズとよんでいる。類似の意味のことばにパズルpuzzleがあるが、クイズはおもにことばや文章による出題に答えるものをいい、パズルは図形、イラスト、文字の配列などを使用し、ある程度考える時間が与えられる判じ物のことをいう。クイズということばは新しいが、謎解きの歴史は古く、紀元前3000年ごろの古代文明の時代にすでに幼稚なものが行われていたのではないかといわれる。そのうちでは、ソフォクレスによって伝えられたスフィンクスの謎「朝に四脚、昼に二脚、夜には三脚で歩く動物は何か?」がもっとも有名である。日本での起源は明らかでないが、平安時代中期の『拾遺(しゅうい)和歌集』や『清少納言(せいしょうなごん)日記』などのなかに謎解きの和歌や記事があり、鎌倉時代の『徒然草(つれづれぐさ)』のなかには宮廷の人々が「なになにとかけて、なにと解く」という「謎々遊び」に熱中しているさまが記されている。また、1516年(永正13)に刊行の後奈良院(ごならいん)御撰(せん)『何曽』の「母には二たびあひたれど父には一度もあはず―くちびる」の一節から新村出(しんむらいずる)博士がこの時代にハ音がfa(両唇摩擦音)であったと論証したことは有名である。江戸時代になると庶民的な遊びとして流行し、1624年(寛永1)に『謎乃本』、1706年(宝永3)に『御所なぞの本』が刊行されている。さらに「絵さがし」「迷路」などが行われるようになった。第二次世界大戦後は1946年(昭和21)12月にNHKのラジオ番組に「話の泉」、47年11月に「二十の扉」というクイズ番組が登場して人気をよび、週刊誌や雑誌にもいろいろなクイズが懸賞をつけて掲載されるようになり、その後ラジオ、テレビにはいろいろな趣向を加えたクイズ番組が放送され、現在では放送番組に欠かせない人気番組になっている。アメリカでも、1955年からCBSテレビが始めたクイズ番組「6万4000ドル」が爆発的な人気をよび、類似の番組が続々生まれたが、59年に、プロデューサーが事前に特定の回答者に正解を教えていたクイズ・スキャンダルが発覚し大きな問題となった。

[倉茂貞助]

『柴田武他編『世界なぞなぞ大事典』(1984・大修館書店)』

[参照項目] | | パズル

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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