A muscle contracts due to nerve stimulation or other factors. There are contractions that involve muscle shortening (isotonic contraction) and those that do not (isometric contraction). When nerve stimulation is transmitted to the endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle cell, calcium ions stored in the inner membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum are released. As a result, in the presence of magnesium ions and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the actin and myosin (actomyosin) that make up the myofibril slide relative to each other, causing the muscle to contract. The length of each actin and myosin filament does not change, and the overall length of the muscle changes only due to a change in their relative positions. Relaxation is caused by calcium ions being re-adsorbed into the endoplasmic reticulum. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
筋肉が神経の刺激などで収縮すること。筋肉の短縮を伴う収縮(等張性収縮)と伴わないもの(等尺性収縮)がある。神経からの刺激が筋細胞内の小胞体に伝えられると,小胞体の内部の膜にたくわえられていたカルシウムイオンが放出される。その結果,マグネシウムイオンとアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)の存在の下で,筋原繊維を構成しているアクチンとミオシン(アクトミオシン)が相対的にすべり込み,筋肉が収縮する。アクチン,ミオシンの各フィラメントの長さは変化せず,相対的な位置の変化のみで筋肉の全長が変わるわけである。弛緩(しかん)はカルシウムイオンが小胞体に再吸着されることによる。
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