Goldfish (kingyo) - Goldfish (English spelling)

Japanese: キンギョ(金魚∥錦魚) - キンギョ（英語表記）gold fish

It is a breed of crucian carp (family Cyprinidae) that has been bred for ornamental purposes and is said to have been bred since ancient times in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River on the Asian continent. There are many varieties that differ in color, body length, the presence or absence of fins, shape, etc. There are various theories about when they were first imported to Japan, but the generally accepted record is that they were brought to the port of Sakai in Quanzhou from the then Ming Dynasty in 1502, at the end of the Muromachi period. Since then, they have been bred and improved in Japan for a long period of time, and many varieties have been established.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

フナ(コイ目コイ科)の観賞用に改良された飼育品種で，アジア大陸の長江(揚子江)下流域で古くから改良が行われていたといわれる。色彩，体の長短，ひれの有無，形状などの差異により多くの品種に分けられている。日本に最初に輸入された時期については諸説があるが，室町時代の末期，文亀2年(1502)に当時の明から泉州堺の港に伝来したとの記録がほぼ定説となっている。以後，日本で長期間にわたって飼育改良されて多くの品種が固定されている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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