Aerobatic flight - Aerobatic flight

Japanese: 曲技飛行 - きょくぎひこう
Aerobatic flight - Aerobatic flight

A type of flying that does not take place in normal flight, making use of the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft and the power of the engine. Aerobatic flying includes diving, climbing, stalling, somersaulting, rolling over, spinning, and variations of these, as well as flights with complex routes that combine several of these. It is called various names such as special flying, acrobatic flying, aerobatic, aerobatic, and stunt flying. The history of aerobatic flying is unclear, but it is said that it started out by chance in the early days of airplanes, developed into an essential technique for aerial combat during World War I, and further developed after the war as an airplane show for unemployed soldiers. One particularly famous aerial combat technique is the Immelmann turn, which is a combination of half somersault and half roll, developed by the German Max Immelmann. In Japan, due to the national situation, it was only performed by soldiers with the goal of aerial combat. During World War II, the methods of aerial combat changed, so aerobatic skills were no longer as highly required as they were in World War I. However, they were still needed in the development department to pursue the limits of aircraft performance and to research new combat methods. By practicing and experiencing aerobatics, pilots can learn the characteristics of an aircraft, get to know the effectiveness and feel of the rudder, and completely master piloting techniques. Furthermore, they can take appropriate measures if the aircraft goes into an abnormal flight state, so pilots are required to perform basic aerobatics in their practical exams. Recently, the combat methods of military aircraft have changed, so aerobatics skills are once again required.

One of the air sports disciplines is aerobatics. By pushing the aircraft's performance and human abilities to their limits, pilots can control their aircraft freely and fully enjoy the joy of flying in the sky, while also competing with each other in their skills. The FAI (Fédération Aeronautique Internationale) hosts the Aerobatics World Championships every year. In addition, by performing complex and highly dangerous events with one or several aircraft in formation, countries can demonstrate their level of flying skills, and therefore the world's major air forces, navies, and civilians form aerobatic teams with excellent skills.

[Kazuo Ochiai]

[Reference] | Acro Team

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

飛行機の空気力学的特性やエンジンの出力を利用した、通常の飛行では行わない飛び方。曲技飛行としては、急降下、急上昇、失速、宙返り、横転、きりもみ、およびこれらの変形や、いくつかを組み合わせた複雑な経路をもつ飛行がある。特殊飛行、アクロバット飛行、エアロバチック、エアロバット、スタント飛行などいろいろの呼び方がある。曲技飛行の歴史は明らかではないが、草創期の飛行機で偶然に行われたのを皮切りに、第一次世界大戦中に空中戦に不可欠の技術として発達し、戦後さらに失業軍人の飛行機ショーとして発展したものといわれている。空中戦の技術としてとくに有名なものは、ドイツのインメルマンMax Immelmannが開発した宙返りと横転を半分ずつ組み合わせたインメルマン・ターンがある。日本では国情から軍人が主体で空中戦を目標に行われたにすぎない。第二次大戦中から空中戦の戦闘方式が変わったため、曲技飛行の技術は第一次大戦のときほど強くは要求されないようになったが、飛行機の性能の限界の追求、あるいは新しい戦闘方式の研究のため、開発部門では当然必要とされた。また曲技飛行を練習、体験することにより飛行機の特性を知り、舵(かじ)の効きや感覚を体得して操縦技術を完全にマスターすることができ、さらに万一、飛行機が異常な飛行状態に陥ったときにも適切な処置をとることができるので、操縦士の実地試験に基礎的な曲技飛行の実施が課せられている。また最近では、軍用機の戦闘方式が変わったので、ふたたび曲技飛行の技術が要求されるようになった。

 なお、航空スポーツの種目の一つに曲技飛行がある。飛行機の性能と人間の能力を限界まで使いきることによって、自由自在に飛行機を操り、空を飛ぶ楽しさを存分に味わうとともに、互いにその技術を競い合っており、毎年、FAI(国際航空連盟)主催の曲技飛行世界選手権競技会が開かれている。また、複雑で危険度の高い種目を1機あるいは数機の編隊で演技することによって、自国の飛行技術の水準を誇示できるため、世界の主要な空軍、海軍、民間で、優れた技術をもつ曲技飛行チーム(アクロチーム)が編成されている。

[落合一夫]

[参照項目] | アクロチーム

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Spiny fish - Spiny fish

>>:  Crystal eye - Gyokugan

Recommend

Gen'i Maeda

Year of death: May 20, 1602 (July 9, 1602) Year of...

Inuenju - Inuenju

A deciduous tree of the legume family (APG classi...

Medical Physics - Ibutsu

The medical sciences are based on the idea that m...

Utsunomiya Kintsuna

A military commander from Shimotsuke (Tochigi Pre...

Xu You - Kyoyu

A legendary figure from ancient China. Takashi Bus...

Ross, MD

...Balloons, which were used primarily for advent...

Yaroslav

Grand Prince of Kievan Rus (reigned 1019-1054). He...

polar orbit

... Based on their shape, satellite orbits are cl...

Jushu salt fields - Jushu salt fields

A general term for the salt fields that existed in...

Messy hair - Messy hair

This is Yosano Akiko's first collection of po...

Aremonite - Aremonko

...More than 30 kinds of elemental minerals are k...

Diels - Otto Paul Hermann Diels

German organic chemist. Born January 23rd in Hamb...

Grimm's Fairy Tales - Grimm's Fairy Tales

A collection of folk tales collected by the Brothe...

Obrecht

A composer of the Flemish school. He is said to ha...

Makaira nigricans (English spelling)

…[Toru Taniuchi]. … *Some of the terminology that...