A sub-provincial city (a prefecture-level city with autonomy equivalent to that of a province) in the central part of Jilin Province, China, and the capital of the province. It governs seven city districts, including Jiutai, and Nong'an County, and acts as the governing agent for two county-level cities, including Dehui (as of 2017). Population 7,588,921, city district population 4,338,954 (2010). Before the establishment of the People's Republic of China, it was called Xinjing, and was the headquarters of Japan's control over the northeastern region, but is now the political, economic, and cultural center of Jilin Province. It is located on a wide plateau at an altitude of 230 meters between the Yitong River and its tributaries, which flow into the Songhua River, and reaches the watershed with the Dong Liao River 30 kilometers southwest. The average temperature in January is -17.2°C, and in July it is 23.6°C. The average annual precipitation is 645 mm, concentrated in the summer. It has sister city relationships with Sendai City, Kanegasaki Town in Iwate Prefecture, and Chitose City. [Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018] historyThe city was founded in 1800 when the Qing dynasty established the Changchun government office, and in addition to agriculture, commercial and industrial activities such as flour milling, sake brewing and spinning flour floured. In 1906 (Meiji 39) after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan established the Changchun branch of its Consulate General in Fengtian, and inherited the East China Railway south of Changchun from Russia, forming the South Manchuria Railway. It also purchased land from the Qing to create the South Manchuria Railway Annex, and in 1914 (Taisho 3) built Changchun Station in its center. The city was developed in a radial pattern around the station, with a commercial and industrial district between the commercial port in the southeast and the city center, and government offices, schools and company housing in the west. With the establishment of the "Manchukuo" in 1932 (Showa 7), the city was renamed Xinjing, but was renamed Changchun again in 1945. [Tatsuro Asai January 19, 2018] Industry and TransportationIt produces soybeans, corn, foxtail millet, sorghum, sugar beets, and rice, and also has a thriving livestock industry, including sheep, pigs, and horses. It is also a distribution center for ginseng, velvet, and martenfish, known as the "Three Treasures of the Northeast." It is known as China's No. 1 automobile manufacturing city, with the China FAW Group having its headquarters there. To the west of the Jingha Line is the No. 1 Automobile Factory, which produced the medium-duty truck "Jiefang" in 1956 and has since dispatched cars and parts, as well as engineers and workers, to all over China. FAW has established joint ventures with Toyota Motor Corporation, Mazda, and Volkswagen, and these companies have production plants in the city, as well as many auto parts manufacturers, including Denso. In addition, there is a locomotive factory and a machine tool factory in the north of the city, and in the east there is the provincial museum, a huge tractor manufacturing factory, and factories for diesel engines, bicycles, rubber, heavy oil, plywood, sewing machines, and watches. The ratio of production value from heavy industry to light industry is high. The city is home to the Jingha Line, the Harbin-Dalian Line, the Changtu Line (Changchun-Tumen), and the Changbai Line (Changchun-Baicheng), as well as a subway. Changchun Longjia International Airport, which opened in 2005, is located about 30 kilometers northeast of the city center. [Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018] Culture and TourismThe People's Square (formerly Datong Square) in the center of the city is surrounded by the People's Bank, the Telecommunications Bureau, the Public Security Bureau, the Provincial Guest House, and the Workers' Cultural Palace. If you go north from the square along Renmin Avenue (formerly Datong Avenue), you will find the Department Store Building (formerly Sanzhongjing), the Municipal Government (formerly Kangde Hall), the Provincial Government (formerly the Kwantung Bureau), the Provincial Communist Party Committee (formerly the Kwantung Army Headquarters), Shengli (formerly Kodama) Park, Chunyi Hotel (formerly Yamato Hotel), and Changchun Station. If you go south from the square, you will find Jilin University, Northeast Normal University (formerly Xinjing Medical University), the College of Physical Education, Jilin University Nanling Campus (formerly Xinjing Institute of Technology), and Nanhu Park. On the west side are Jilin University Chaoyang Campus (formerly the Imperial Palace), Jilin University Bai Jiuen School of Medicine (formerly the State Council, etc.), the Provincial Library, and Changchun Film Factory. Changchun Film Factory is a film studio that originated as the Manchuria Film Association, which was established as a state-sponsored company by the "Manchukuo" (state-run state), and has become a symbol of the film town of Changchun, with a film theme park opening in 2005. In addition, northeast of People's Square, there is a museum that has restored part of the Imperial Palace and exhibits the history of the former Japanese military's occupation policy. [Tatsuro Asai, Editorial Department, January 19, 2018] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、吉林(きつりん)省中部にある副省級市(省と同程度の自主権を与えられた地級市)で、同省の省都。九台(きゅうだい)など7市轄区と農安(のうあん)県を管轄し、徳恵(とくけい)など2県級市の管轄代行を行う(2017年時点)。人口758万8921、市轄区人口433万8954(2010)。中華人民共和国成立前は新京(しんきょう)とよばれ、日本の東北地区支配の本拠地であったが、現在は吉林省の政治、経済、文化の中心地である。 松花江(しょうかこう)に注ぐ伊通河(いつうが)とその支流に挟まれた標高230メートルの広い台地上に位置し、南西30キロメートルで東遼河(とうりょうが)との分水界に達する。1月の平均気温は零下17.2℃、7月は23.6℃、年降水量は645ミリメートルで夏に集中する。仙台市、岩手県金ヶ崎(かねがさき)町、千歳(ちとせ)市と姉妹都市提携を結んでいる。 [浅井辰郎・編集部 2018年1月19日] 歴史1800年、清(しん)朝が長春庁を設けたのが市の発祥で、農業のほか製粉、酒造、紡績などの商工業がおこった。日露戦争後の1906年(明治39)日本が奉天(ほうてん)総領事館長春分館を置き、長春以南の東支鉄道をロシアから継承して南満州鉄道とした。また清から土地を買収して満鉄付属地をつくり、1914年(大正3)その中央部に長春駅を建設した。駅を中心に放射状の都市がつくられ、南東の商埠地(しょうふち)、城内との間に商工業地区が、西部には官庁、学校、社宅地区が建設された。1932年(昭和7)「満州国」建設に伴い新京と改称したが、1945年長春に復した。 [浅井辰郎 2018年1月19日] 産業・交通大豆、トウモロコシ、アワ、コウリャン、テンサイ、米を産出し、ヒツジ、ブタ、ウマなどの畜産も盛んである。「東北三宝」とよばれるチョウセンニンジン、鹿茸(ろくじょう)、貂皮(ちょうひ)の集散地でもある。 中国第一汽車集団が本拠地を構えるなど、中国第一の自動車工業都市として知られる。京哈(けいは)線の西には第一自動車製造廠(しょう)があり、1956年中型トラック「解放」をつくって以来、車や部品のほか、技術者、労働者を全中国に派遣している。第一汽車はトヨタ自動車やマツダ、フォルクスワーゲンと合弁企業を設立しており、市内には各社の生産工場があるほか、デンソーをはじめとする自動車部品メーカーも多数進出している。また、市の北部に機関車廠、工作機械廠が、東部に省博物館や巨大なトラクター製造廠、ディーゼルエンジン、自転車、ゴム、重油、合板、ミシン、時計などの工場がある。軽工業に対して重工業の生産額の割合が高い。 市には京哈線、哈大線(ハルビン―大連(だいれん))、長図線(長春―図們(ともん))、長白線(長春―白城(はくじょう))が集中するほか、地下鉄も走る。市中心部の北東約30キロメートルには、2005年開港の長春竜嘉(りゅうか)国際空港がある。 [浅井辰郎・編集部 2018年1月19日] 文化・観光中心部にある人民広場(旧、大同広場)の周囲には人民銀行、電信局、公安局のほか、省賓館、工人文化宮がある。同広場から人民大街(旧、大同大街)を北上すると、百貨大楼(旧、三中井(みなかい))、市政府(旧、康徳会館)、省政府(旧、関東局)、省中国共産党委員会(旧、関東軍司令部)、勝利(旧、児玉)公園、春誼(チュンイ)賓館(旧、ヤマトホテル)や長春駅がある。人民広場から南下すると吉林大学、東北師範大学(旧、新京医大)、体育学院、吉林大学南嶺(なんれい)キャンパス(旧、新京工大)、南湖公園などがある。西側には吉林大学朝陽キャンパス(旧、帝宮)、吉林大学白求恩(ベチューン)医学部(旧、国務院ほか)、省図書館、長春電影制片廠がある。長春電影制片廠は「満州国」が国策会社として設立した満州映画協会を前身とする映画スタジオで、2005年には映画のテーマパークを開業するなど、映画の町・長春の象徴的な存在となっている。また、人民広場の北東には、帝宮の一部を復元し、旧日本軍の占領政策の歴史を展示した博物館がある。 [浅井辰郎・編集部 2018年1月19日] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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