Kyoto University

A national university corporation. In 1897 (Meiji 30), by Imperial Ordinance (No. 209), Kyoto Imperial University was established with four separate schools: Law, Medicine, Literature, and Science and Engineering. The University of Science and Technology (1897) was opened first, followed by the University of Law, the University of Medicine (1899), and the University of Literature (1906), realizing the original plan. The University of Science and Technology was then separated into the University of Science and the University of Engineering (1914). In 1919 (Taisho 8), the Imperial University Act was revised and the separate schools were renamed faculties, becoming the Faculty of Science, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Letters. During the Taisho era, the Faculty of Economics (1919) and the Faculty of Agriculture (1923) were added, marking a major development.

In 1949, when the university was established under the new university system, the Faculty of Education was established, the Faculty of Liberal Arts (which was reorganized as the Faculty of Integrated Human Studies in 1992) was established based on the former Third High School, and in 1960, the Faculty of Pharmacy was separated from the Faculty of Medicine, resulting in the current system of 10 faculties. In addition to the establishment of graduate schools (doctoral programs) in nine faculties except for the Faculty of Integrated Human Studies, the Graduate School of Energy Science was established in 1996, the Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies in 1997, the Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies and the Graduate School of Informatics in 1998, and the Graduate School of Life Science in 1999. In 2002, the School of Global Environmental Studies (education department) and the School of Global Environmental Studies (research department) were established. In 2006, the Department of Public Policy Collaboration Research, the Department of Public Policy Education, the Department of Business Management Research, and the Department of Business Management Education were established. Large-scale affiliated research institutes have been established across a wide range of fields, including the Institute for Humanities (humanities), the Institute for Economics, the Institute for Chemistry (science and engineering), the Institute of Advanced Energy, the Research Institute for Humanosphere, the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, the Institute for Virus Research, and the Institute for iPS Cell Research and Application. In addition, the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, the Theoretical Physics Institute, the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, the Research Reactor Institute, and the Primate Research Institute are operated as national joint-use research institutes. In addition, there are more than 30 affiliated education and research facilities, including the Center for Southeast Asian Studies. In April 2004, following the revision of the National University Corporation Act, the university became a national university corporation.

Historically, Kyoto University has been characterized by a liberal academic culture, and is also known for its efforts to establish university autonomy through incidents such as the Sawayanagi Incident and the Takigawa Incident before World War II. After World War II, the university formed the Kyoto School, producing Nobel Prize-winning scholars in the fields of science and engineering, including Hideki Yukawa, Shinichiro Tomonaga, Kenichi Fukui, Susumu Tonegawa, and Ryoji Noyori, as well as distinctive collaborative research at the Institute for Research in Humanities. The university's headquarters are located in Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

[Toru Magose]

"The History of Kyoto Imperial University, compiled and published by Kyoto University (1943)" ▽ "The 70-Year History of Kyoto University, compiled and published by the Editorial Committee for the 70-Year History of Kyoto University (1967)" ▽ "The Nobel Prize: Dr. Kenichi Fukui and the Free Academic Spirit of Kyoto University, by Teijiro Yonezawa and Chikayoshi Nagata (1999, Kagaku Dojin)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国立大学法人。1897年（明治30）勅令（209号）により、法科、医科、文科、理工科の4分科大学を置く京都帝国大学として設置された。まず理工科大学（1897）が、続いて法科大学、医科大学（1899）、文科大学（1906）の順に開設され、当初の構想が実現された。その後、理工科大学は理科大学と工科大学に分離（1914）した。1919年（大正8）の帝国大学令改正により各分科大学は学部と改称され、理学部、工学部、法学部、医学部、文学部となった。大正年間に経済学部（1919）、農学部（1923）が増設され、一大発展を遂げた。

　1949年（昭和24）新制大学への移行に際し、教育学部の新設、旧制第三高等学校を母体とする教養部（1992年、総合人間学部に改組）の設置、1960年医学部から薬学部が分離独立し、現在の10学部体制となった。大学院は総合人間学部をのぞく9学部に研究科（博士課程）が設置されているほか、1996年（平成8）にはエネルギー科学研究科、1997年には人間・環境学研究科、1998年にアジア・アフリカ地域研究科、情報学研究科、1999年生命科学研究科が新設された。2002年（平成14）には地球環境学舎（教育部）、地球環境学堂（研究部）を設置。2006年には公共政策連携研究部、公共政策教育部、経営管理研究部、経営管理教育部を設置。大規模な附置研究所が各分野にわたって設置され、人文系の人文科学研究所、経済研究所、理工系の化学研究所、エネルギー理工学研究所、生存圏研究所、再生医科学研究所、ウイルス研究所、iPS細胞研究所がある。さらに防災研究所、基礎物理学研究所、数理解析研究所、原子炉実験所、霊長類研究所は全国共同利用研究所として運営されている。このほか、東南アジア研究所をはじめ、30以上の附設教育研究施設がある。2004年4月、国立大学法人法の改正に伴い、国立大学法人となる。

　歴史的に京都大学は自由な学風を特色とし、第二次世界大戦前の沢柳事件、滝川事件などを通じて大学の自治の確立を目ざそうとしたことでも知られている。第二次世界大戦後は、人文科学研究所の特色ある共同研究、湯川秀樹(ゆかわひでき)をはじめ、朝永振一郎(ともながしんいちろう)、福井謙一(けんいち)、利根川進(とねがわすすむ)、野依良治(のよりりょうじ)など理工系分野でノーベル賞受賞学者を輩出するなど、京都学派を形成している。本部は京都市左京区吉田本町。

［馬越　徹］

『京都大学編・刊『京都帝国大学史』（1943）』▽『京都大学七十年史編集委員会編・刊『京都大学七十年史』（1967）』▽『米沢貞次郎、永田親義著『ノーベル賞の周辺――福井謙一博士と京都大学の自由な学風』（1999・化学同人）』

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