Cooperation Association - Kyochoukai

This is a foundation established in December 1919 (Taisho 8) for the purpose of labor-management (capital) cooperation. Japan's capitalist industry made great strides during World War I, and the number of workers increased dramatically. However, labor disputes broke out one after another, labor union movements became active, and the attitude of workers changed due to domestic and international events such as the Russian Revolution (1917) and the rice riots (1918), and class conflict became a concern. In response to this situation, the idea of ​​establishing a labor-management cooperation organization managed by representatives of the four parties: workers, employers (capitalists), the public interest, and the government was considered. At the suggestion of Home Minister Tokonami Takejiro, preparations were made by Tokugawa Iesato, Speaker of the House of Peers, Ooka Ikuzo, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Privy Council President Kiyoura Keigo, and Shibusawa Eiichi, a leader of the business world, and the organization was established with a government subsidy of 2 million yen and 6.8 million yen in donations from the business world and others. The labor union was formed without any workers' representatives, as the largest at the time, such as the Yuaikai, refused to join, citing growing militancy and the fact that it would hinder the class growth of workers. However, its relatively impartial research and studies of domestic and overseas labor conditions, monthly journals such as the Labor Policy Times and the Labor Yearbook, and other publications were highly praised. The union also carried out activities such as worker education and arbitration of labor disputes, and in 1938 (Showa 13) during the war, it advocated the Industrial Patriotic Movement and cooperated in mobilizing workers for military production, so in June 1946 (Showa 21) after World War II, it was dissolved at the recommendation of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (GHQ).

[Hiroshi Matsuo]

"The History of the Kyowakai Foundation, edited by the Kyowakai Foundation" (1980, National Policy Research Association)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

労使（資）協調のために1919年（大正8）12月に設立された財団法人機関。第一次世界大戦を通じて日本の資本主義産業は飛躍的な発展を遂げ、労働者数は激増したが、労働争議が続発、労働組合運動も活発になり、またロシア革命（1917）、米騒動（1918）など内外の事件で労働者の気風も変化し、階級対立が憂慮されるようになった。このような情勢に対し、労働者、使用者（資本家）、公益および政府の四者代表によって管理される労使協調機関の設立が考えられ、内相床次(とこなみ)竹二郎の発議で貴族院議長徳川家達(いえさと)、衆議院議長大岡育造、枢密院議長清浦奎吾(けいご)、財界の長老渋沢栄一らが準備し、政府補助金200万円、財界などの寄付金680万円で設立された。労働組合は、当時最大の友愛会なども戦闘化の傾向を強め、労働者の階級的成長を阻止するものだと参加を拒否したので、労働者代表ぬきで発足した。しかし、比較的に公平な立場からの内外労働事情の調査・研究、月刊機関誌『労働政策時報』『労働年鑑』その他の刊行物は高く評価された。また労働者教育、労働争議の仲裁などの事業を行い、戦時下の1938年（昭和13）には産業報国運動を提唱して労働者の軍需生産への動員に協力したので、第二次大戦後の46年（昭和21）6月、連合国最高司令部（GHQ）の勧告により解散させられた。

［松尾　洋］

『財団法人協調会偕和会編『財団法人協調会史』（1980・国策研究会）』

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