Also called pre-animism, this theory was proposed by British anthropologist R. Mallet, and is a revision of his teacher E. Tylor's theory on the origin of animistic religion. It is generally understood that Mallet argued that a form of belief based on simpler ideas, i.e. pre-animism, preceded animism. Mallet initially argued that pre-animism preceded animism in chronological order, because there are ethnic groups whose objects of worship are merely impersonal powers or ideas of life. However, Mallet actually emphasized the dynamic aspects and magical elements of religion, and distinguished a state that has not been abstracted to the point of belief in spiritual beings from Tylor's narrow definition of animism, and classified it as animatism. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
プレアニミズムともいわれ,イギリスの人類学者 R.マレットにより提唱され,その師の E.タイラーのアニミズム宗教起源論を修正したもの。アニミズムよりも先行して,一層簡単な観念に基づく信仰形態,すなわちプレアニミズムがあることを主張したと一般には解されている。単なる非人格的な力もしくは生命の観念しか崇拝の対象にしない民族が存在することから,初めはその年代的先行を説いたが,実際にはマレットは宗教の動的な面と呪術的要素を重視して,霊的存在への信念にまで抽象化されていない状態を,タイラーのいう狭義のアニミズムとは区別してアニマティズムという類型を設定したとみることができる。
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