A biennial plant of the Apiaceae family (APG classification: Umbelliferae). Japanese name: Caraway umbellata. Native to Europe, it has been cultivated since the Stone Age for its seeds to be used as a spice and preservative. It was introduced to Japan in the early Meiji period, but is rarely cultivated. It is 30-60 cm tall, has bipinnate compound leaves with thin and beautiful leaflets. The roots are like small carrots with yellow flesh and a similar flavor. When sown in spring or autumn, white flowers bloom in the same year or early summer the following year. The fruits are thin and slightly curved, about 5 mm long, and grow in pairs at the end of the stalk. They are harvested when they turn brown and ripen. They grow well in semi-shaded areas with a little humidity. The original home is the Netherlands, but Poland and Denmark are also grown there. The closely related spice plant dill is also sometimes called carrot, and is often confused with this species. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika November 17, 2021] FoodThe ripe seeds are used whole or coarsely ground as a spice. They go particularly well with baked goods such as rye bread, cakes, biscuits, and cookies. They also go well with cheese dishes, and there is caraway cheese. They are an essential part of the German cabbage dish sauerkraut and the Dutch alcoholic drink kummel. Caraway appears to have been cultivated as a condiment for the longest time in Europe, and its seeds have been found in the remains of ancient lake dwellings in Switzerland. The Arabs became aware of this spice in the 12th century, and the name caraway comes from the Arabic word karauya. It also appears in Shakespeare's Henry IV. [Hiroshi Saito November 17, 2021] [References] |Also known as caraway or caraway © Kyoko Nagumo "> Caraway Caraway seeds ©Shogakukan "> Caraway seeds Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セリ科(APG分類:セリ科)の一、二年草。和名ヒメウイキョウ(姫茴香)。ヨーロッパ原産で、石器時代から種子を香辛料や防腐剤に利用するため栽培された。日本へは明治初年に渡来したが、栽培は少ない。高さ30~60センチメートル、葉は2回羽状複葉で小葉は細く美しい。根は小さなニンジンのようで黄色肉質、風味もニンジンに似ている。春または秋に播種(はしゅ)すると、当年または翌年の初夏に白色花を開く。果実は細く、やや曲がった5ミリメートルほどで、果柄の先に2個が対(つい)になってつき、褐色に熟したときに収穫する。やや湿気の多い半日陰地でよく育つ。オランダが本場で、ポーランド、デンマークも産地である。近縁の香料植物イノンド(ディル)もヒメウイキョウとよばれることがあり、しばしば本種と混同される。 [星川清親 2021年11月17日] 食品完熟した種子をまるごと、あるいは粗びきしたものを香辛料として使う。とくにライムギパン、ケーキ、ビスケット、クッキーなど焼き上げるものによくあう。チーズ料理にもあい、キャラウェーチーズもある。ドイツのキャベツ料理のザウアークラウトや、オランダの酒キュンメルには欠かせないものである。ヨーロッパではもっとも古くから薬味用として栽培されていたようで、スイスの古代湖上住居跡からも種子が発見されている。アラビア人がこの香辛料を知ったのは12世紀になってからで、キャラウェーという名はアラビア語のkarauyaからきている。シェークスピアの『ヘンリー4世』の文中にも出ている。 [齋藤 浩 2021年11月17日] [参照項目] |キャラウェイ、ヒメウイキョウともいう©南雲今日子"> キャラウェー キャラウェーの種子©Shogakukan"> キャラウェーシード 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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