Cave swiftlet - Cave swiftlet (English spelling)

Japanese: アナツバメ - あなつばめ(英語表記)cave swiftlet
Cave swiftlet - Cave swiftlet (English spelling)

A general term for birds of the genus Collocalia, family Apodiidae, class Aves. The genus Collocalia consists of small swifts whose nests are used in a high-class soup in Chinese cuisine. There are about 16 species, distributed from India to Australia. Overall length is 9-17 cm. The back is generally gray-black or black-brown, and the underside is often also black-brown. They nest in groups on the walls of caves, and the Great Cave in Niah, Sarawak, is said to have 2 million nests. Some species of swiftlets use echolocation to fly within the cave. However, the sound waves emitted by swiftlets are not ultrasonic, but are reported to be in the range of human hearing, 1.5-5.5 kilohertz. Bird's nests for soup (bird's nests) that are made mostly of solidified saliva are of high quality, while those with a lot of feathers and plant fragments are of low quality. The nests collected for use as bird's nests are mainly those of the Malayan Swiftlet C. fuciphaga and the Long-billed Swiftlet C. maxima , and are mainly found in Sabah, Sarawak, the Philippines, etc.

[Hiroyuki Morioka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鳥綱アマツバメ目アマツバメ科アナツバメ属の鳥の総称。この属Collocaliaは小形のアマツバメよりなり、その巣は中華料理の高級なスープの材料となる。約16種があり、インドからオーストラリアまで分布する。全長9~17センチメートル。背面は一般に灰黒色ないし黒褐色で、下面も黒褐色のものが多い。洞穴の壁に群集して巣をつくり、サラワクのニアにあるグレート・ケイブGreat Caveには200万個の巣があるといわれている。ある種のアナツバメは、洞穴内での飛翔(ひしょう)に反響定位を用いる。ただし、アナツバメの出す音波は超音波ではなく、人間の可聴範囲である1.5~5.5キロヘルツと報告されている。スープ用の燕巣(えんそう)(燕窩(えんか)〈イエンウオ〉)は、ほとんど唾液(だえき)だけを固めたものが上等で、羽毛や植物片の多いものは下級品である。燕窩として採集されるのは、アナツバメ類のなかでも主としてマレーアナツバメC. fuciphagaとハシブトアナツバメC. maximaの巣で、主産地はサバ、サラワク、フィリピンなどである。

[森岡弘之]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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