Gasoline tax - Kihatsuyuzei (English spelling)

Japanese: 揮発油税 - きはつゆぜい(英語表記)Gasoline tax
Gasoline tax - Kihatsuyuzei (English spelling)

The tax base is the amount of gasoline, and the taxpayer is the manufacturer or receiver of the gasoline. The gasoline tax is a type of indirect tax levied as a national tax in Japan, and is an individual consumption tax levied on a specific consumer good, gasoline. Although the taxpayer under the tax law is the manufacturer or receiver, the tax burden is shifted forward and is expected to be borne ultimately by the consumer. The tax rate for the gasoline tax is 24,300 yen per kiloliter of gasoline.

The gasoline tax was originally established in 1949 (Showa 24) as a general source of revenue for the government, like the liquor tax and tobacco tax, without any specific use, as part of its financial resource measures. However, in 1953, the "Temporary Measures Law Concerning the Sources of Funds for Road Construction Costs" was enacted, making the gasoline tax a special-purpose tax, and all of the revenue was designated as a specific road revenue source for the country. The provisional tax rate from June 1, 1979 to March 31, 1988 was set at 45,600 yen per kiloliter. This law was succeeded by the "Road Construction Emergency Measures Law" in 1958, and further by the "Law Concerning Exceptions to Sources of Funds for Road Construction Costs" in 2003 (Heisei 15).

However, these measures were only temporary, and discussions were held on converting road-specific revenue sources, including the gasoline tax, into general revenue sources. Following the Cabinet decision on the "Basic Policy on Road-Specific Revenue Sources, etc." in 2008 and subsequent agreement between the government and the ruling parties, all road-specific revenue sources, including the gasoline tax, were converted into general revenue sources from fiscal 2009.

[Masatoshi Hayashi]

[Reference item] | Ad valorem tax/specific tax | Local road tax

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

揮発油の量を課税標準とし、揮発油の製造者または引取者を納税義務者として、一定量当りいくらの税額という形で課される従量税である。揮発油税は日本では国税として課される間接税の一種であり、揮発油という特定消費財に対して課される個別消費税である。税法上の納税義務者は製造業者や引取者であるが、租税負担は前方に転嫁され、消費者が最終的に負担すると想定される。揮発油税の税率は、揮発油1キロリットルにつき2万4300円である。

 揮発油税は、もともとは政府の財源対策の一環として、酒税やたばこ税などと同じように、使途を特定しない一般財源として1949年(昭和24)に創設された。ところが1953年に「道路整備費の財源等に関する臨時措置法」が成立して揮発油税は目的税化され、その収入全額が国の道路特定財源とされた。1979年6月1日から1988年3月31日までの暫定税率として、1キロリットル当り4万5600円に定められていた。同法は、1958年に「道路整備緊急措置法」に、さらに2003年(平成15)に「道路整備費の財源等の特例に関する法律」へ継承された。

 しかし、これらの措置はあくまで期限つきのものであり、揮発油税を含む道路特定財源の一般財源化への検討が進められた。2008年の「道路特定財源等に関する基本方針」の閣議決定、その後の政府・与党合意を経て、2009年度より揮発油税を含む道路特定財源はすべて一般財源化された。

[林 正寿]

[参照項目] | 従価税・従量税 | 地方道路税

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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