Weather warning - weather advisory

Japanese: 気象注意報 - きしょうちゅういほう

Advisories are issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency to warn people of the risk of a disaster occurring in a certain area due to weather. The difference between weather warnings is whether the target is a "major disaster" (alert) or a "disaster" (advisory), and the specific numerical criteria for issuance are different, for example, a heavy rain warning is 50 mm per hour, and a heavy rain advisory is 30 mm per hour. Advisories are issued for land, but also include the ocean within 20 nautical miles (about 37 km) of the coast. There are 16 types of advisories: heavy rain advisory, flood advisory, heavy snow advisory, strong wind advisory, wind and snow advisory, high wave advisory, high tide advisory, dense fog advisory, lightning advisory, dryness advisory, avalanche advisory, icing advisory, snow advisory, snowmelt advisory, frost advisory, and low temperature advisory. They are issued when meteorological elements such as rainfall, wind speed, and temperature are expected to reach the standards set by each city, town, and village. In cases where the ground has become loose due to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, the standards for issuing the relevant advisories may be temporarily lowered. Advisories and warnings have been issued by municipality since May 27, 2010. In addition to these advisories, tornado watches are issued when there is a risk of tornadoes. Weather information supplementing warnings and advisories may also be issued.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

気象が原因である地域に災害が起こるおそれのあるとき，注意を呼びかけるために気象庁から発表される注意報。気象警報との違いは，対象が「重大な災害」（警報）であるか「災害」（注意報）であるかであり，たとえば大雨警報は 1時間に 50mm，大雨注意報は 1時間に 30mmなど，具体的な発表基準となる数値が異なる。注意報の対象は陸上だが，沿岸 20海里（約 37km）以内の海上も含まれる。大雨注意報，洪水注意報，大雪注意報，強風注意報，風雪注意報，波浪注意報，高潮注意報，濃霧注意報，雷注意報，乾燥注意報，なだれ注意報，着氷注意報，着雪注意報，融雪注意報，霜注意報，低温注意報の 16種類がある。雨量や風速，気温などの気象要素が，それぞれ市町村ごとに設けられた基準に達すると予想されたときに発表される。地震や火山の噴火等の影響で地盤がゆるんでいる場合などには，該当する注意報の発表基準を暫定的に引き下げて運用することもある。注意報と警報は 2010年5月27日から市町村別に細分して発表されるようになった。これらの注意報のほか，竜巻が起こるおそれのあるときには竜巻注意情報が発表される。警報や注意報を補完する気象情報が発表されることもある。

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