An external bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Based on the Meteorological Services Act (Act No. 165 of 1952), this is an administrative agency in charge of national meteorological services, with the aim of contributing to the promotion of public welfare and international cooperation in meteorology. Before 1956 (Showa 31), it was called the Central Meteorological Observatory. It operated as an external bureau of the Ministry of Transport, but after the reorganization of ministries and agencies in January 2001 (Heisei 13), it became an external bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, which took over the Ministry of Transport's operations. Weather forecasts and various warnings are announced on television and in newspapers, and through these, the agency has many contacts with the daily lives of ordinary citizens and various industries, making it one of the more visible government agencies. Meteorological offices (meteorological observatories) scattered throughout the country make up the JMA, and when referring to the Tokyo headquarters alone, it is called the JMA headquarters. Internationally, the agency cooperates closely with other countries around the world, exchanging daily weather observation data and weather forecasts created by processing them with high-speed computers through a meteorological communication network, and accepting trainees from neighboring countries. The geostationary meteorological satellites used for these observations are monitored by the Meteorological Satellite Center, a facility and organization of the JMA. For information on the work and history of various meteorological observatories, please refer to the "Meteorological Observatory" entry. [Toshiaki Yasuda and Yoh Narumura] [Reference] | | | , Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism|Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国土交通省の外局。気象業務法(昭和27年法律165号)に基づいて、公共の福祉の増進への寄与、気象に関する国際的協力を目的とし、国の気象業務を担当している行政機関。1956年(昭和31)以前は中央気象台とよばれていた。運輸省の外局として活動してきたが、2001年(平成13)1月の省庁再編後は、運輸省の業務を引き継いだ国土交通省の外局となった。 テレビ、新聞などを通じて発表される天気予報や各種の警報があり、これらを通じて一般の市民生活および各種産業と接する部分が多く、諸官庁のなかでは比較的目だちやすい業務を受け持っている。全国に散在する気象官署(気象台)が全体として気象庁を構成しており、東京の本部のみをさすときは気象庁本庁と称している。国際的には、毎日の気象観測値、それを高速度計算機で処理して作成した予想天気図などを、気象通信網により各国と交換したり、近隣諸国から研修生を受け入れたりするなど、世界の国々と密接な協力を行っている。これらの観測に使われる静止気象衛星は、気象庁の施設等機関である気象衛星センターで監視している。なお、各種気象台の業務内容および歴史については「気象台」の項目を参照されたい。 [安田敏明・饒村 曜] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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