Kindergarten was founded in Blankenburg in 1840 by German educator Friedrich Froebel as a school for the psychological development of young children through play. The original name "children's garden" reflected Froebel's wish to spread the impression that kindergartens are environments where children can grow freely, like the plants that grow in a garden. Within 25 years of Froebel's death, kindergartens had been established in major cities in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Hungary, Japan, Switzerland, the United States, and the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, kindergartens were traditionally called infant schools, and in the United States, they gradually became the first stage of primary education. The first kindergarten in Japan was the kindergarten attached to Tokyo Women's Normal School in 1876. The head nursery teacher, Clara Zietelmann (Matsuno Clara), was German and a student of Froebel, so it was often called Kindergarten in Japan at first. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ドイツの教育家フリードリヒ・フレーベルが,遊びを通して幼児の心理的陶冶をはかる学校として,1840年ブランケンブルクに創設した幼稚園。この「子供の庭」という原名には,庭に生える植物のように子供たちが自由に育つための環境という印象を広く認識させたいというフレーベルの願いがこめられていた。フレーベルの死後 25年たたぬうちにキンダーガルテンはオーストリア,ベルギー,カナダ,ドイツ,オランダ,ハンガリー,日本,スイス,アメリカ合衆国,イギリスの主要都市に設立されるようになっていった。イギリスでは伝統的に幼児学校 infant schoolの名称が用いられ,アメリカではしだいに初等教育の最初の段階として位置づけられていった。日本での最初の幼稚園は 1876年東京女子師範学校付属幼稚園で,首席保育士のクララ・チーテルマン (松野クララ) がドイツ人でフレーベルの弟子であった事情も手伝って,当初は日本でもキンダーガルテンと呼ばれることが多かった。
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