Bank of the Bank - Ginkou no Ginkou

Japanese: 銀行の銀行 - ぎんこうのぎんこう

…In the United States, the panic of 1907 led to a growing desire for a central banking system, and the Federal Reserve System was established in 1913. The functions performed by central banks around the world today can be broadly categorized into three: (1) issuing banknotes, (2) the bank of banks, and (3) the government's bank. First of all, today's central banks have the exclusive right to issue banknotes for their respective countries, and function as the only issuing banknotes in their respective countries. …

From the Bank of Japan

...The position of president was also appointed by imperial decree.
[function]
The Bank of Japan, like the central banks of other countries, performs four functions: bank of issue, bank of banks, government bank, and monetary policy administration. (1) Only the Bank of Japan is authorized to issue banknotes. …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "banks of banks" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…一方，アメリカでは，1907年の恐慌を契機として中央銀行制度を求める気運が高まり，13年に連邦準備制度が設立された。　今日の世界各国の中央銀行が果たしている機能を大別すれば，(1)〈発券銀行〉としての機能，(2)〈銀行の銀行〉としての機能，(3)〈政府の銀行〉としての機能の三つである。　まず，今日における中央銀行は，それぞれの国の銀行券を独占的に発行しており，各国での唯一の〈発券銀行〉としての機能を果たしている。…