Letter of Judgment - Saikyojo

Japanese: 裁許状 - さいきょじょう
Letter of Judgment - Saikyojo

This refers to a written judgment in a trial in the Middle Ages. In the "Satamirensho," it is said that the Shogunate's official orders for punishment were called saikyojo. In the early days, the Kamakura Shogunate used kudashibumi for its saikyojo, but later began to use shimoshijo. The format of the saikyojo was such that the first section, "kotogi," gave the names of the plaintiff and the debater and the gist of the content of the argument, the main text cited the gist of both parties' arguments, and finally the reasons for the judgment were clearly stated. The Kamakura Shogunate issued saikyojo from the Kanto region, the Rokuhara Tandai, and the Chinzei Tandai, while the Muromachi Shogunate issued saikyojo signed by Ashikaga Tadayoshi and saikyojo signed jointly by multiple magistrates. Many legal decisions were long documents, and the magistrate in charge would affix his urakao (signature seal) to the back of the paper.

[Seno Seiichiro]

"Japanese Ancient Documents, Vol. 1" by Aida Jiro (1949, Iwanami Shoten) " "Introduction to Paleotext Studies" by Sato Shinichi (1971, Hosei University Press)" "Kamakura Shogunate Court Decrees, Vol. 1 and 2, edited by Seno Seiichiro (1970, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中世における裁判の判決状をいう。『沙汰未練書(さたみれんしょ)』には、幕府の御成敗(ごせいばい)の下知状(げちじょう)のことを裁許状と称するとある。鎌倉幕府は初期には裁許状に下文(くだしぶみ)を用いていたが、のちには下知状を用いるようになった。裁許状の形式としては、初めの事書(ことがき)の部分で訴人と論人の名前と相論の内容の要点を示し、本文には両者の主張の要旨を引用して、最後に判決理由を明示した。鎌倉幕府の裁許状としては関東裁許状、六波羅探題(ろくはらたんだい)裁許状、鎮西(ちんぜい)探題裁許状があり、室町幕府では足利直義(あしかがただよし)が署判を据えた裁許状や、複数の奉行(ぶぎょう)人が連署する裁許状が発給されている。裁許状は長文のものが多く、紙継目(かみつぎめ)裏には担当奉行人が裏花押(うらかおう)を据えている。

[瀬野精一郎]

『相田二郎著『日本の古文書 上』(1949・岩波書店)』『佐藤進一著『古文書学入門』(1971・法政大学出版局)』『瀬野精一郎編『鎌倉幕府裁許状集』上下(1970・吉川弘文館)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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