Cash and assets that can be converted into cash through collection or sale in a relatively short period of time, or assets that can be expensed in a relatively short period of time. It is a concept in contrast to fixed assets. Current assets include (1) "current assets" such as cash, deposits, notes receivable, accounts receivable, and exchange-traded securities that are temporarily held for short-term capital management, (2) "inventory" such as goods and finished products whose actual value is determined by inventory and most of which are for sale, and (3) "other current assets" such as prepaid expenses that will become expenses within one year, and uncollected payments, advances, prepayments, and accrued revenues that will be recovered within one year. The idea of classifying assets into current assets and fixed assets is a remnant of the time when companies mainly raised funds from banks, and banks would judge a company's ability to pay based on its balance sheet. However, even today, in practice, assets are classified as current or fixed. The main classification criteria are the operating cycle criteria and the one-year criteria that supplement it. [Katsunobu Bandai] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
現金および比較的短期間のうちに回収または販売などによって現金となる資産、もしくは比較的短期間のうちに費用化する資産。固定資産に対する概念である。流動資産には、(1)現金、預金、受取手形、売掛金、短期的な資金運用のために保有している一時的所有の取引所の相場のある有価証券などの「当座資産」、(2)商品や製品などのように棚卸によって実際有高を定め、かつ、その大部分が販売目的のものである「棚卸資産」、(3)1年以内に費用となる前払費用、1年以内に回収される未集金や立替金、前払金、未収収益などの「その他の流動資産」がある。 資産を流動資産と固定資産に分類する考え方は、企業が主として銀行から資金を調達していた時代に、銀行が貸借対照表により企業の支払能力を判断したことの名残(なごり)である。しかし、今日においても実務上は流動・固定による分類が行われている。なお分類基準には、主たる基準として営業循環過程基準と、それを補足する1年基準がある。 [万代勝信] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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