Small, simple-shaped eyes found in arthropods, especially insects. Insects have large, well-developed compound eyes, and many also have ocelli. The ocelli of adult insects are called dorsal ocelli, and consist of three arranged in a triangle, with the one at the apex being formed by the fusion of two ocelli. From the outside, the ocelli consist of a lens-like chitin cornea, the corneal cambium, and a retina made up of several photoreceptor cells surrounding a rod. They are highly responsive to light and dark, and are thought to function as an organ for detecting the presence or absence of light and the light-dark cycle. The ocelli of larvae are called lateral ocelli, and correspond to the compound eyes of adults. Besides insects, they are also found in spiders, myriapods, and horseshoe crabs, and the nauplius eyes of crustacean larvae are also ocelli. [Sumio Takahashi] [References] | |©Shogakukan "> Insect sensory organs (vision) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
節足動物とくに昆虫にみられる小形で単純な形の目をいう。昆虫には大形のよく発達した複眼があり、この単眼をあわせもつものが多い。昆虫の成虫の単眼は背単眼とよばれ、三角形に配置された3個からなり、そのうちの頂点にある1個は2個が融合したものである。単眼は外側から、レンズ状のキチン角膜、角膜形成層、数個の視細胞が感桿(かんかん)を囲んでできた小網膜からなる。明暗によく反応し、光の有無や明暗周期の検知器官として働いていると考えられている。幼虫の単眼は側単眼といわれ、成虫の複眼にあたる。昆虫以外では、クモ類、多足類やカブトガニにもみられ、甲殻類の幼生のノープリウス眼も単眼である。 [高橋純夫] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 昆虫の感覚器(視覚) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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