An isotope that does not emit radioactivity in nature. It has the same meaning as a stable isotope. It is contrasted with a radioisotope. There are 81 types of stable isotopes. Typical ones are hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, and nitrogen. As shown in , if the number of protons in the nucleus is Z , the number of neutrons is N , and the sum of these is A , stable isotopes tend to have approximately the same number of Z and N , and for heavier elements, the larger N is than Z , the more stable they are. Also, when both Z and N are even numbers, there are many stable nuclides. This indicates that the bonds between protons and neutrons in the nucleus are strong. is called deuterium (heavy hydrogen) and has the element symbol D. Its atomic weight is about twice that of H, so it is widely used in research into the mechanisms of chemical reactions and molecular structures.[Takashi Shimozawa] "Stable Isotope Geochemistry" by Hitoshi Sakai and Yukitaka Matsuhisa (1996, University of Tokyo Press) [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Stable Isotopes (Table) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
同位体のうち、自然界で放射能を放出しないもの。安定同位元素と同意義。放射性同位体(ラジオ・アイソトープ)と対比される。安定同位体は81種類ある。代表的なものは水素、リチウム、ホウ素、炭素、窒素などである。 に示すように原子核の中の陽子数をZ、中性子数をN、その和をAとすると、安定同位体はZとNとがほぼ同数のものに多く、重い元素になるとZよりNが大きいものほど安定である。また、ZもNも偶数である場合、安定な核種が多い。これは原子核の中で陽子どうし、中性子どうしの結合が強いことを示している。はジュウテリウム(重水素)といい、元素記号Dである。Hに比べて原子量が約2倍大きいので、化学反応の機構や分子の構造の研究に広く使用されている。[下沢 隆] 『酒井均・松久幸敬著『安定同位体地球化学』(1996・東京大学出版会)』 [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 安定同位体〔表〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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