Ichthyosis - Ichthyosis

Japanese: 魚鱗癬 - ぎょりんせん(英語表記)Ichthyosis
Ichthyosis - Ichthyosis
[What kind of disease is it?]
Ichthyosis is a condition called "shaggy skin," in which a wide area of ​​the skin becomes rough. Common ichthyosis, which begins in infancy, worsens during the dry winter months, and becomes less noticeable in summer, is the most common, affecting about 1 in 100 to 200 people.
Other rare congenital skin diseases include X-linked recessive ichthyosis, bullous ichthyosis erythroderma, and lamellar ichthyosis, which are more severe and result from the roughness of the skin. Although they are inherited, children may develop ichthyosis even if their parents do not have the condition.
[Testing and diagnosis]
Genetic research has revealed that X-linked recessive ichthyosis is caused by abnormalities in steroid sulfatase, bullous ichthyosis erythroderma is caused by abnormalities in keratin, and lamellar ichthyosis is caused by abnormalities in keratohyalin. Genetic testing is also useful for confirming the diagnosis and for genetic counseling.
[Treatment]
For mild cases of ichthyosis vulgaris, the most effective treatments are ointments containing urea, which smooth the surface of the skin, and ointments containing vitamin A. For severe cases, etretinate (a vitamin A derivative) is administered orally.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 魚鱗癬とは、さめ肌(はだ)のことで、皮膚の広い範囲がざらざらした状態となります。乳幼児期に始まり、冬の乾燥した時期に悪化し、夏には症状が目立たなくなる尋常性魚鱗癬(じんじょうせいぎょりんせん)がもっとも多く、100~200人に1人くらいの頻度です。
 そのほか、ざらざらした皮膚の状態によって、より重症の伴性劣性魚鱗癬(ばんせいれっせいぎょりんせん)、水疱性魚鱗癬性紅皮症(すいほうせいぎょりんせんせいこうひしょう)、葉状魚鱗癬(ようじょうぎょりんせん)がありますが、いずれもまれな先天性の皮膚疾患です。遺伝しますが、両親に症状がなくても子どもに現われることがあります。
[検査と診断]
 遺伝子の研究によって、伴性劣性魚鱗癬はステロイドサルファターゼ、水疱性魚鱗癬性紅皮症はケラチン、葉状魚鱗癬ではケラトヒアリンというたんぱくに異常があることがわかってきました。診断の確定、遺伝相談のためには、遺伝子検査も役立ちます。
[治療]
 軽症の尋常性魚鱗癬には、皮膚の表面をなめらかにする尿素含有軟膏(にょうそがんゆうなんこう)、ビタミンA含有軟膏がもっとも効きます。重症の場合は、エトレチナート剤(ビタミンA誘導体)を内服します。

出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報

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