When distilling a liquid mixture, the composition of the solution and the composition of the vapor become identical at a certain temperature, resulting in the distillate and residue having the same composition. The boiling point reaches a maximum or minimum at that temperature. Therefore, a liquid mixture with an azeotropic composition cannot be separated into its pure components by distillation. For example, when ethyl alcohol and water are 95.57% ethyl alcohol by weight, the boiling point is 78.15°C, and the composition of the distillate and residue are the same. Generally, commercially available ethyl alcohol has this composition due to azeotropy. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
混合液体を蒸留するとき,ある一定の温度で溶液の組成と蒸気の組成とが一致し,留出物と残留物の組成が同じものとなる現象のこと。沸点はそこで極大または極小を示す。したがって共沸する組成の混合液体は蒸留によって純粋成分に分けることはできない。たとえばエチルアルコールと水は,エチルアルコール 95.57重量%で沸点は 78.15℃となり,留出液と残留液の組成は同じものとなる。一般に市販のエチルアルコールがこの組成になっているのは共沸のためである。
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