Iwo Jima - Io To

Japanese: 硫黄島 - いおうとう

Located in the southern part of the Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo, this is the largest volcanic island in the Iwo Islands. It is an active volcano that is constantly under observation. It is also known as Naka-iojima. It belongs to Ogasawara Village. There is an air base of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It is a plateau with Motoyama (115m) in the northeast and the cone-shaped volcano Suribachiyama (169m) on the southwest end. It spews sulfuric gas and has high geothermal energy. It has erupted many times in the past, and in recent years there were small phreatic eruptions in 2012 and 2013. Coastal terraces and fault scarps indicating the island's uplift have developed, and active uplift activity continues to this day. It was uninhabited until James Cook's expedition discovered it in 1779, and after it was taken over by Japan in 1891, immigrants settled there. They engaged in fishing, sulfur collection, and tropical agriculture. As the Pacific War intensified, all the residents returned to the mainland, and it later became a fierce battlefield that remains in military history (see the Battle of Iwo Jima). After World War II, it was under the military administration of the United States, but was returned to Japan in 1968. Area: 23.16 ^km2 .

Iwo Jima

A volcanic island in the ocean, about 40km south of the Satsuma Peninsula in southern Kagoshima Prefecture. It is an active volcano that is constantly under observation. It is one of the Kuchinoshima Islands and belongs to Mishima Village. The highest point is Io-dake (704m). Io-dake is a stratovolcano made of rhyolite, and is highly active in fumarolic activity. A large-scale eruption accompanied by lava outflow occurred on the seabed 2km east of the island in 1934-35, and a new island (Showa-iojima) was formed. Sulfur mining, which gave the island its name, continued until 1964. It is said to be one of the locations of Kikai-ga-shima, which is one of the various theories, and is also known as Kikai-ga-shima. In 1994, Satsuma-iojima Airport opened as the first village-run airport in Japan. It is connected to Kagoshima Port by regular ferries. Area: 11.65 ^km2 . Population: 150 (2000).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

東京都，小笠原諸島の南部，硫黄列島中最大の火山島。活火山で，常時観測火山。別称中硫黄島。小笠原村に属する。海上自衛隊航空基地がある。台地状をなし北東部に元山（115m），南西端には円錐火山の摺鉢山（169m）がある。硫気を噴出し地熱も高い。過去たびたび噴火を起こしており，近年では 2012，2013年に小規模な水蒸気爆発があった。島の隆起を示す海岸段丘や断層崖が発達し，今日でも活発な隆起活動が続いている。無人島であったが，安永8（1779）年ジェームズ・クックの探検隊が発見，1891年日本領有後移民が居住。漁業，硫黄採集や熱帯農業に従事した。太平洋戦争の激化に伴い，住民は全員本土に引き揚げ，その後戦史に残る激戦場になった（→硫黄島の戦い）。第2次世界大戦後アメリカ合衆国の軍政権下にあったが，1968年日本に返還された。面積 23.16km²。

硫黄島
いおうじま

鹿児島県南部，薩摩半島南方約 40kmの洋上にある火山島。活火山で，常時観測火山。口之三島の一つで三島村に属する。最高点は硫黄岳（704m）。硫黄岳は流紋岩からなる成層火山で，噴気活動が活発。1934～35年東方 2kmの海底で溶岩の流出を伴う大規模な噴火が起こり，新島（昭和硫黄島）が形成された。地名の由来となった硫黄採掘は 1964年まで行なわれた。諸説ある鬼界ヶ島の所在地の一つといわれ，鬼界ヶ島の別名をもつ。1994年全国で初の村営飛行場として薩摩硫黄島飛行場が開港した。定期船で鹿児島港と結ばれている。面積 11.65km²。人口 150（2000）。

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