The study of the Church Fathers. The word patrologia was first used by the Lutheran theologian J. Gerhard (1582-1637) as the name of an academic field that covers the biographies and writings of the Church Fathers, and his posthumous work "Patrologia" was published in 1653. Studies of the Church Fathers can already be found in the 4th century works "Ecclesiastical History" by Eusebius and "Lives of the Notables" by Jerome, but they only became popular after the 15th century. Today, the main part of Patrology is the description of the ideas of the Church Fathers, and there is little distinction between this field and the name of theology of the Church Fathers, theologia patristica, which has been used since the 17th century. Today, the Church Fathers that are the subject of patristic studies are generally limited to John of Damascus (c. 670-c. 750) in the East, Gregory I (c. 540-604) in the West, and Isidore of Seville (c. 560-636). The best ancient edition of the documents on the Church Fathers is the edition by the Benedictine monks of the Abbey of Saint-Maurice in France, but the greatest document is the Patrologiae cursus completus: Patrologia Graeca et Patrologiae Latina (382 volumes, 1844-66) by J.-P. Migne, which is based on the edition by the Benedictine monks of the Abbey of Saint-Maurice in France. Since then, the Vienna Academy has published Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum (Complete Collection of Latin Church Authors) since 1866, and the Berlin Academy has published Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten 3 Jahrhunderte (Complete Collection of Greek Christian Authors of the First Third Century) since 1997. In addition, the Steenbrugge Abbey has published Corpus christianorum (Complete Collection of Christian Authors), a complete collection of the Latin Church Fathers (fathers who wrote in Latin), since 1953. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
教父についての研究。 patrologiaという言葉はルター派の神学者 J.ゲルハルト (1582~1637) が教父の伝記と著書を対象とする学問の名称として初めて用いたもので,彼の遺稿として 1653年"Patrologia"が出版されている。教父についての研究はすでに4世紀のエウセビオスの『教会史』や,教父ヒエロニムスの『著名者列伝』などに見出されるが,盛んになったのは 15世紀以後である。パトロロジーは今日教父の思想の叙述をその主要な部分としており,17世紀以来用いられている教父神学 theologia patristicaという学科名との区別はほとんどない。教父学の対象となる教父は今日では限定されて東方ではダマスカスのヨハネ (670頃~750頃) ,西方ではグレゴリウス1世 (540頃~604) ,またはセビリアのイシドルス (560頃~636) までの諸教父とするのが一般である。また教父の文献のうち,古版の最良のものはフランスの聖マウルス修道院のベネディクト会士らの手になる版であるが,最大の文献はそれに依拠した J.-P.ミーニュによる『教父学全集-ギリシア教父の部,ラテン教父の部』 Patrologiae cursus completus: Patrologia Graeca et Patrologiae Latina (382巻,1844~66) である。それ以後のものとしては,ウィーン・アカデミーより『ラテン教会著作家全集』 Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorumが 1866年より,またベルリン・アカデミーより『初期3世紀ギリシア・キリスト教著作家全集』 Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten 3 Jahrhunderteが 97年より継続して出版されている。このほか,1953年からステーンブルッゲ修道院によるラテン教父 (ラテン語を著作に使用する教父) の全集『キリスト教著作家全集』 Corpus christianorumが刊行されている。
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