A type of cellulose ester. It is generally called cellulose nitrate or cellulose nitrate, but when used for paint, celluloid, or collodion, it is called nitrocellulose, and when used for gunpowder or explosives, it is called powdered cotton or gunpowder cotton. It is obtained by soaking purified and dried cellulose in a mixed acid consisting of three components, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and water, at around room temperature. Nitrocellulose with various nitrogen contents can be obtained depending on the composition of the mixed acid, and depending on the amount of nitrogen, it can be divided into strong, weak, and brittle. Theoretically, there can be three nitrate groups per unit structure of cellulose, resulting in a nitrogen content of 14.14%, but in reality it is difficult to obtain a product with a nitrogen content of more than 14%. Strong nitrocellulose is used as a raw material for smokeless gunpowder, weak nitrocellulose is used as a raw material for dynamite, lacquer, and artificial leather, and brittle nitrocellulose is used as a raw material for celluloid. [Tadao Yoshida and Shingo Date] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セルロースエステルの一つ。一般的には硝酸繊維素、硝酸セルロースといわれているが、塗料、セルロイドあるいはコロジオン用の場合には硝化綿、火薬・爆薬用の場合には綿薬または綿火薬とよばれてきた。 精製乾燥したセルロースを、硝酸、硫酸、水の3成分からなる混酸に常温付近において浸して得られる。混酸の組成により種々の窒素量のニトロセルロースが得られ、窒素量によって強綿薬、弱綿薬および脆綿(ぜいめん)薬に分けられる。理論的にはセルロースの単位構造当り3個の硝酸基が入り、窒素量14.14%となりうるが、実際には14%以上の製品を得ることはむずかしい。強綿薬は無煙火薬、弱綿薬はダイナマイト、ラッカー、人工レザー、脆綿薬はセルロイドの原料として用いられる。 [吉田忠雄・伊達新吾] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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