Administrative Court - Gyousei Saibansho (English spelling) administrative tribunal; tribunal administratif; Verwaltungsgericht

Japanese: 行政裁判所 - ぎょうせいさいばんしょ(英語表記)administrative tribunal; tribunal administratif; Verwaltungsgericht
Administrative Court - Gyousei Saibansho (English spelling) administrative tribunal; tribunal administratif; Verwaltungsgericht
A court with jurisdiction over administrative cases established in countries with a continental law system, such as France and Germany. The Constitution of the Empire of Japan, which was based on the continental law system, established administrative courts in Article 61. The relevant laws included the Administrative Trial Law, the "Administrative Trial Cases for Illegal Dispositions by Administrative Agencies" (Law No. 106 of 1890), the Administrative Trial Order, and the Appeal Law. The system was a first instance court system with the principle of first instance appeal, and only one administrative court was established in Tokyo. The matters that could be brought in for litigation were listed in a limited way, and did not cover all administrative cases. In contrast, the Constitution of Japan has a provision in Article 76, paragraph 2 that denies the establishment of administrative courts. In other words, the courts as a judicial organ adjudicate all legal disputes (Court Law 3), and administrative agencies can only conduct trials as preliminary courts. However, since it was still necessary to recognize special treatment for administrative cases, the Special Law for Administrative Case Litigation was enacted, which was abolished and became the current Administrative Case Litigation Law. Although administrative courts have been abolished, the administrative litigation system that allows administrative cases to be handled differently continues to exist to a certain extent. However, the principle of pre-petition and the principle of limited enumeration of litigation matters have been rejected, and the standing of plaintiffs is being expanded.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
フランス,ドイツなどのヨーロッパ大陸法系の諸国に設置された行政事件を管轄する裁判所。大陸法系に属した大日本帝国憲法は,その第 61条で行政裁判所を設置していた。関係法規として,行政裁判法,「行政庁,違法処分ニ関スル行政裁判ノ件」 (明治 23年法律 106号) ,行政裁判所令,訴願法があった。訴願前置を原則とする一審制であり,行政裁判所としては東京にただ1つおかれたのみであった。訴訟を提起しうる事項は限定的に列挙され,すべての行政事件に及ぶものではなかった。日本国憲法はこれに対して,その第 76条2項に行政裁判所の設置を否定する意味の規定をおいている。すなわち司法機関としての裁判所が一切の法律上の争訟を裁判し (裁判所法3) ,行政機関は前審としてのみ裁判を行いうるのである。しかし,行政事件については,依然として特別な扱いを認める必要があるところから,行政事件訴訟特例法が制定され,それが廃止されて現行の行政事件訴訟法となった。行政裁判所は廃止されたが,行政事件に別様の扱いを認める行政裁判制度はある程度において存続しているというのが現状である。ただし,訴願前置主義,訴訟事項の制限列挙主義は否定され,原告適格も拡大されつつある。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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