The concentration of economic and human activities such as industry and population in one area generates various benefits (or savings) known as agglomeration benefits. The growth of cities is largely due to these benefits, and one of the factors that brings about these benefits is the "economies of scale" that arise from capital being concentrated in a specific area, and a typical example of such capital is social capital or infrastructure. The other is due to external economic effects (external economies and external diseconomies), and the following two are the main ones. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
産業や人口などの経済活動や人間活動が一地域に集中して立地することから,集積agglomerationの利益とよばれる種々の利益(あるいは節約)が生ずる。都市の成長はこの利益によるところが大きいが,この利益をもたらす要因の一つは,資本が特定地域に集中して投資されることから生ずる〈規模の経済〉であり,そうした資本の典型は社会資本ないしインフラストラクチャーである。もう一つは外部経済効果(外部経済・外部不経済)によるものであり,次の二つがそのおもなものである。
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