A general term for analytical methods characterized by the use of sophisticated and complex instruments to a certain degree when analyzing substances by chemical or physical means. It can be said that the progress of analytical chemistry has progressed along with the development of instruments, and the distinctive feature of this method is that the use of more precise instruments has gradually made it possible to carry out analyses that were previously impossible. The distinctive feature of instrumental analysis is that it often does not require the complicated procedures of separating the target components of analysis from each other or from non-target components, which was the biggest problem in conventional chemical analysis, in other words, the method itself is selective. Representative examples include the so-called electromagnetic wave analysis method, which measures the spectra specific to atoms and molecules, the so-called electroanalysis method, which measures the electrical quantities of substances, and the so-called separation analysis method, which separates substances based on slight differences in mass or differences in absorption and distribution between substances. Another distinctive feature of instrumental analysis is that it opens the way to high sensitivity, speed, automation, and continuous analysis. These successful methods are linked to electronic engineering such as computers and play an important role in production sites and other industrial fields. [Takada Takeo] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
化学的あるいは物理的手段で物質の分析を行う際に、ある程度以上の高級複雑な器具装置を用いることによって特色づけられる分析法の総称。分析化学の進歩は器具装置の発達とともに歩んできたといってよく、この方法の特色は、より精密な装置の利用により、従来まったく不可能であった分析がしだいに可能になった点にある。機器分析の特質としては、従来の化学分析で最大の問題であった分析目的成分の相互間の分離、あるいは、それと非目的成分との分離などの煩雑な操作が不要になる場合が多いこと、すなわち、方法自体に選択性がある点である。たとえば、原子、分子などに特有のスペクトルを測定するいわゆる電磁波分析法、物質の電気的諸量を測定するいわゆる電気分析法、質量のわずかの違いによって物質を分離したり、物質間の吸収や分配の違いによって分離するいわゆる分離分析法などの諸法はその代表的なものである。また機器分析の特質の一つとして、分析の高感度化、迅速化、自動化、連続化への道が開かれる点がある。これらに成功した諸方法はコンピュータなどの電子工学と結び付いて、生産現場その他の工業界において重要な役割を担っている。 [高田健夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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