A method of measuring radiation dose, it refers to the energy absorbed per unit mass of a substance by radiation exposure. It is customarily expressed in units of rad, with 1 rad being the radiation dose when 1g of substance absorbs 100 erg of energy. The International System of Units uses gray (Gy) (1Gy=1J/kg=100rad). Absorbed dose is measured with a chemical dosimeter or thermal dosimeter that uses chemical changes and temperature rise, but it can also be calculated by converting it from the dose rate measured with an ionization chamber. The amount of radiation that affects living organisms is measured using the dose equivalent (unit: sievert), which is the absorbed dose multiplied by a certain coefficient. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
放射線量のはかり方の一つで,放射線照射により物質の単位質量あたり吸収したエネルギーをいう。慣用的にはラド radを単位として表わし,1ラドは 1gの物質が 100ergのエネルギーを吸収したときの放射線量である。国際単位系ではグレイ Gy ( 1Gy=1J/kg=100rad ) を用いる。吸収線量は,化学変化や温度上昇を利用した化学線量計や熱線量計で測定されるが,電離箱による線量率からも換算して求められる。放射線が生物に与える影響量については吸収線量に一定の係数をかけた線量当量 (単位はシーベルト) を用いる。
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