Masaharu Nishikawa

Japanese: 西川正治 - にしかわしょうじ
Masaharu Nishikawa

Experimental physicist of X-ray diffraction and atomic nuclei. Born in Tokyo. Graduated from the Department of Experimental Physics at Tokyo Imperial University in 1910 (Meiji 43), he entered the university's graduate school, where he was supervised by Kinoshita Suekichi (1877-1935). Soon after, he was encouraged by Terada Torahiko to study X-ray diffraction, and in 1916 (Taisho 5) he obtained his doctorate for the crystal structure of the "spinel" group. The following year, in 1917, he was awarded the Imperial Academy Prize for this achievement and joined the RIKEN Institute. After three years of studying abroad, he became a senior researcher at RIKEN and a professor at Tokyo Imperial University (1924). At RIKEN, he assisted Kikuchi Seishi's research, and opened a nuclear laboratory in collaboration with the Nagaoka and Nishina laboratories, and constructed a cyclotron and a Cockcroft accelerator. After World War II, he founded the Crystallographic Society of Japan, and became its first president. In 1951 (Showa 26), he was awarded the Order of Culture.

[Takenobu Kobayashi]

[References] | X-ray diffraction | Masashi Kikuchi | Atomic nuclei | Cockcroft-Walton apparatus | Spinel | Torahiko Terada

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

X線回折および原子核に関する実験物理学者。東京生まれ。1910年(明治43)東京帝国大学実験物理学科を卒業し、同大学大学院に入り、木下季吉(すえきち)(1877―1935)の指導を受けた。まもなく寺田寅彦(とらひこ)の勧めでX線回折の研究に従事し、1916年(大正5)「スピネル」群の結晶構造により学位を得た。翌1917年には、この功績により帝国学士院賞を受賞するとともに、理化学研究所に入った。3年間の海外留学ののち理研主任研究員、東京帝大教授となった(1924)。理研では、菊池正士(せいし)の研究に助力するとともに、長岡研究室、仁科(にしな)研究室と共同で原子核実験室を開設し、サイクロトロン、コッククロフト加速装置を建設した。第二次世界大戦後、日本結晶学会を創立し、初代会長となった。1951年(昭和26)文化勲章を受けた。

[小林武信]

[参照項目] | X線回折 | 菊池正士 | 原子核 | コッククロフト‐ウォルトンの装置 | スピネル | 寺田寅彦

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Nishikawa Joken

>>:  Nishikawa Kojiro

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