Also known simply as acclimatization, this is the phenomenon in which when an organism is placed in a different environment, its vital functions become unstable in the new environment, but then stabilize over time. In physiology, a distinction is made between acclimation, which occurs when a relatively simple change in conditions occurs, such as in experimental conditions, and acclimation, which occurs when a comprehensive change in conditions occurs, such as in climate (acclimatization). Examples of climatic acclimation include the change in sweating function (heat acclimation) that occurs when a person who lives in a temperate climate moves to a tropical climate, and the symptoms of altitude sickness that occur when a person who lives in lowlands climbs a high mountain, but improves after staying there for two or three weeks. It is also known that when lowland plants such as dandelions are transplanted to mountainous areas, they become dwarf and show mountain characteristics, but if the time after transplantation is long (5 to 30 years), the characteristics acquired in the mountains remain even when the plant is replanted on lowland. In this case, it indicates that adaptation to the mountainous area has been genetically fixed to a certain extent, and the concept of heredity is sometimes included in the meaning of climatic acclimation. [Shin Tanaka] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
単に順化ともいい、生物がそれまでとは異なる環境に置かれたとき、生活機能はいったん新しい環境下で不安定となるが、時間の経過とともに安定してくる現象をいう。生理学では、実験条件のように比較的単純な条件の変化によって生じる順化acclimationと、気候のように総合的な条件の変化に対応する順化(気候順化acclimatization)とを区別している。 気候順化の例として、温帯に生活していた人が、熱帯への移住に伴ってみられる発汗機能の変化(対熱順化)、平地に生活する人が高山へ登った際に生じる高山病の症状が、2、3週間の滞在によって軽快する高地順化などをあげることができる。また、タンポポなどの平地の植物を山地へ移植すると、矮小(わいしょう)化するなど山地性の特徴を示すようになるが、移植後の時間(5~30年)が長くなると、平地へ再移植をしても、山地で獲得された特徴の残ることが知られている。この場合、山地への適応がある程度遺伝的に固定されたことを示しており、気候順化の意味のなかには、このような遺伝の概念を含めていることもある。 [田中 晋] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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