Machine door - Kiko

Japanese: 機戸 - きこ

...As a result, local production alone was insufficient for raw cotton, so it was collected from a wide area in North and Central China, and the products had a nationwide market. There were two types of cotton cloth producers: full-time urban weavers and sideline farmers. The former tended to focus on high-end products, while the latter produced ordinary products, but many small-scale farmers were able to make a living by enduring heavy taxes or heavy rents (cotton textiles). For the same reason, in the Jiangnan Delta region (Yangtze River Delta region), sideline production was carried out in addition to cotton cloth, and silk textile production was particularly prominent in the Suzhou area. ...

From [Cotton Fabrics]

...As a result, commercial capital was involved in each process and had strong control. However, for the weaving process, there were specialized weaving factories in cities such as Songjiang and Shanghai, which had several looms, sometimes a dozen, and employed workers, including men, to produce mainly high-quality cotton cloth. For the processing of cotton cloth, there were workshops called dyeing factories for dyeing and tanpu (polishing), or polishing, with the former being centered in Wuhu and the latter in Suzhou.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kido" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…そのため地元産だけでは原料綿花が足りず，華北･華中の広い範囲から集荷され，製品は全国的な販路をもっていた。綿布の生産者は都市の専業機戸と副業農家の2種類があり，前者はどちらかといえば高級品を中心とし，後者は普通品を生産したが，多数の零細農家がこれによって重税あるいは重い小作料負担に堪えて生活を維持した(綿織物)。同じ事情で江南デルタ地帯(揚子江デルタ地帯)では，綿布以外にも副業生産が行われたが，特に蘇州府下では絹織物生産が目だっている。…

【綿織物】より

…そのため商業資本が各工程間に介在し，強い支配力をもっていた。ただし織布工程については，松江，上海などの都市に専業の機戸があり，数台まれに十数台の織機を置いて男子を含む労働者を雇用し，主として高級綿布を生産していた。また綿布の加工については染色は染坊，踹布（たんぷ）すなわちつや出しには踹坊とよばれる作業場があり，前者は蕪湖，後者は蘇州などの都市がその中心地であった。…

※「機戸」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

<<: Kigo - Kigo

>>: Kiko - Kiko