Management engineering - management engineering

Japanese: 管理工学 - かんりこうがく(英語表記)management engineering
Management engineering - management engineering

A general term for research that seeks to solve problems in business management using engineering methods. In this case, business management refers to the effective organization and operation of a business entity, and engineering methods refer to mathematical and statistical methods, systems engineering methods, ergonomic methods, etc. The business entities in question can be various, such as nations, companies, schools, and families, but in reality, companies are the main focus. The above points are the basic characteristics of what is called management engineering, but because of its relatively new history, the scope and approach of research that can be called management engineering have not been fully organized. For this reason, this research is given a variety of names, including management engineering, management science, management science, and industrial engineering (IE).

The content of management engineering can be roughly divided into three categories in relation to its development process. The first is IE, which is the development of scientific management. This aims to design and improve systems that integrate human and material resources, and makes use of methods from ergonomics and systems engineering. The second is operations research (OR), which aims to make decision-making more scientific, and makes use of methods from mathematics and statistics. The third is systems engineering (SE), which aims to design and improve management systems centered on computers, and makes use of methods from systems engineering and cybernetics. The above three major contents are deeply connected to each other and are moving towards merging.

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

[References] | Industrial Engineering | Operations Research | Systems Engineering

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

経営管理の諸問題を工学的手法によって解決しようとする研究の総称。この場合、経営管理とは経営体の効果的な構成と運用をいい、工学的手法の内容は、数学的・統計学的手法、システム工学の手法、人間工学の手法などをいう。また、問題にする経営体は、国家、企業、学校、家庭などさまざまなものがありうるが、現実には企業が中心である。以上の諸点は、管理工学とよばれているものの基本的特質であるが、歴史の新しいこともあって、管理工学と名づけられる研究の範囲や接近方法は、十分整理されていない。このため、この研究の名称も各様で、経営工学、経営科学、管理科学、インダストリアル・エンジニアリング(IE)などとよばれたりする。

 管理工学の内容は、その発展過程とも関連して、およそ次の三つに分けられる。第一は、科学的管理法の発展であるIEである。これは、人的・物的資源を総合化したシステムの設計と改善を目ざし、人間工学やシステム工学の手法を駆使する。第二は、意思決定の科学化を目ざすオペレーションズ・リサーチ(OR)であり、数学や統計学の手法を駆使する。第三は、コンピュータを中核にした管理システムの設計と改善を目ざすシステム・エンジニアリング(SE)であり、システム工学やサイバネティックスの手法を駆使する。以上の三大内容は、相互に深く結び付き融合する方向にある。

[森本三男]

[参照項目] | インダストリアル・エンジニアリング | オペレーションズ・リサーチ | システム工学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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