"Kanja Otogi Zoushi" - Kanja Otogi Zoushi

Japanese: 《勘者御伽雙（双）紙》 - かんじゃおとぎぞうし

...A mathematical puzzle is a general term for any puzzle that has some mathematical aspect. Usually, the subject matter is mathematical, the method of solving it is mathematical, or the answer is mathematical, but there are many other types of mathematical puzzles, such as matchstick puzzles and maze puzzles. The characteristic of mathematical puzzles is that anyone can easily tackle them without any prior knowledge, and they can be a form of mental recreation that can easily be enjoyed as a way to spend a fun time. This is common to all puzzles, and can also be said for crossword puzzles and jigsaw puzzles. ...

From [Mr. Nakane]

...A scholar in the mid-Edo period. His name was Sho, commonly known as Jouemon, and his pen name was Ritsu or Ritsuju. His pen name was Genkei or Genkei. He was a doctor from Asai in Omi Province. He later lived in Hakusan-cho in Kyoto and was called Hakusan Sensei. Genkei studied calendar science, arithmetic, Chinese classics, and musical theory in depth and is widely known as a scholar. At the age of 24, he published the calendar book Shinsen Koreki Benran (New Selection of Ancient Calendars) (1685). He subsequently published Shichijou Fuenshiki (1691), Ritsu Gen Kaihatsu (Ritsuryo Gen Kaihatsu) and Itai Ji Ben (Itai Ji Ben) (both in 1692), Tenmon Zukai Kaihatsu (1693), Sentei Shu (1695), Juushireki Zukai Kaihatsu (Shoujireki Zukai Kaihatsu) and Kowa Tsureki (Kowa Tsureki) (both in 1714)....

From 【Wasan】

...mathematics studied by Japanese people before the Meiji period. Researchers have three theories about its origin: (1) ancient times, (2) Jingoki by Mitsuyoshi Yoshida, published in 1627 (Kan'ei 4), and (3) Hatsubisanpo by Takakazu Seki, published in 1674.
[Nara and Heian periods]
According to the Yoro-ryo (718), Daigaku-ryo was established as a school for training government officials, and boys of today's junior high school age studied there. Mathematics was included in the curriculum, and the capacity was two Mathematics Doctors and 30 Mathematics Students.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Kansha Otogi Soushi" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…数学的な側面を多少でももったパズルを総称して，数学パズルという。ふつうは，題材が数学的であったり，解き方が数学的であったり，解答が数学的であったりするが，ほかにもマッチ棒のパズルや迷路のパズルなど，数学パズルに含まれるものは多い。数学パズルの特徴は，予備知識なしにだれにでも簡単に取り組むことができ，しかも頭のレクリエーションとして，楽しいひとときを思わず過ごすところにある。これはすべてのパズルに共通し，クロスワードパズルやジグソーパズルについてもいえる。…

【中根元圭】より

…江戸中期の学者。名は璋，通称丈右衛門，号は律襲または律聚。字は元圭のほか元珪とも書く。近江国浅井の出身で医者であった。後に京都の白山町に住み，白山先生と呼ばれる。元圭は暦学，算学，漢学，音律など広く深く研究し，学者として広く知られる。数え24歳で暦の書《新撰古暦便覧》(1685)を刊行している。続いて，《七乗冪演式》(1691)，《律原発揮》《異体字弁》(ともに1692)，《天文図解発揮》(1693)，《筌蹄集》(1695)，《授時暦図解発揮》《皇和通暦》(ともに1714)を刊行した。…

【和算】より

…明治以前の日本人が研究した数学。研究者により，その初めを，(1)上古，(2)1627年(寛永4)刊の吉田光由著《塵劫記（じんごうき）》，(3)74年刊の関孝和著《発微算法（はつびさんぽう）》とする3通りがある。
［奈良･平安時代］
　養老令(718)によれば，官吏養成のための学校である大学寮を設置し，現在の中学生くらいの少年がここで勉強した。この課程の中に数学があり，定員は算博士2人，算生30人であった。…

※「《勘者御伽雙（双）紙》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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